From Ecological Terrorism to Sustainable Tourism: The Resistance, Recovery, and Resilience of the Locals of Barangay Kalawakan, Dona Remedios Trinidad, Bulacan, Philippines ^†

This research article explores the transformation of Barangay Kalawakan in Doña Remedios Trinidad, Bulacan, into a hub for grassroots ecological justice. The community had previously suffered from extensive mining activities for tea-rose marble, which locals referred to as “ecological terrorism.” In response to this environmental threat, residents united to protect their environment by organizing protests, which ultimately resulted in the government halting the mining activities. Additionally, in response to the challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, residents have transitioned toward sustainable tourism. They have introduced eco-friendly activities, such as exploring waterfalls, rivers, caves, and mountain trails, to attract local tourists who are eager for a getaway after a long lockdown. Community members, including former miners, have taken on new roles as tour guides and stewards of the environment. This shift transformed former mining sites, which were once associated with exploitation and destruction, into areas focused on conservation and preservation. The current study uses a qualitative approach with methodological triangulation that includes interviews, fieldwork, and document analysis to develop a grounded narrative of the Kalawakan experience. This study also employs a tripartite framework of resistance, recovery, and resilience, drawing theoretical inspiration from integral ecology, as highlighted in Pope Francis’ encyclical, Laudato Si’, and the sustainable livelihood paradigm. The transformation of Barangay Kalawakan serves as a compelling model that illustrates how rural communities can resist ecological harm, recover through local initiatives, and build resilient futures based on environmental stewardship and solidarity. The authors will present the study results to members of the tour guide association, community organizers, and staff from the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO) to aid in policymaking that fosters sustainability.