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Abstract

Recent Developments in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Wastewater †

by
Ana Olivia S. Jorge
1,
Franklin Chamorro
2,
Maria Carpena
2,
Paula Barciela
2,
Ana Perez-Vazquez
2,
Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
1 and
Miguel A. Prieto
2,*
1
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
2
Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering (ECP 2024), 29–31 May 2024; Available online: https://sciforum.net/event/ECP2024.
Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105122
Published: 28 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering)
Versions Notes

Heavy metal contamination in water sources is a pressing global issue, necessitating continuous advancements in removal technologies [1]. This review provides an overview of recent developments in removing heavy metals from water and wastewater, addressing the urgent need for effective and sustainable solutions to mitigate environmental pollution and safeguard public health.
We will cover various removal techniques, including adsorption [2], ion exchange [3], membrane filtration [4], electrochemical methods [5] and biological treatment [6]. Special emphasis is placed on recent advancements such as developing novel adsorbents with enhanced efficiency and selectivity, integrating nanotechnology for improved performance [7], and applying advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of metal complexes. Furthermore, innovative approaches such as hybrid systems and integrated treatment schemes are discussed for their potential to achieve comprehensive heavy metal removal.
In addition to technological advancements, this communication examines challenges and opportunities to implement heavy metal removal technologies, including scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks and policy considerations about heavy metal discharge limits and water quality standards are addressed, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders.
Overall, this communication provides valuable insights into recent developments in heavy metal removal technologies, offering a comprehensive perspective on the state-of-the-art approaches and future directions for addressing the challenges posed by heavy metal contamination in water and wastewater.

Supplementary Materials

The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/proceedings2024105122/s1.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, A.O.S.J.; F.C.; M.C.; M.B.P.P.O. and M.A.P.; methodology, A.O.S.J.; investigation, A.O.S.J.; F.C.; M.C.; P.B. and A.P.-V.; resources, M.B.P.P.O. and M.A.P.; writing—original draft preparation, A.O.S.J.; F.C.; M.C.; P.B. and A.P.-V.; writing—review and editing, M.B.P.P.O. and M.A.P.; visualization, A.O.S.J.; F.C.; M.C.; M.B.P.P.O. and M.A.P.; supervision, M.B.P.P.O. and M.A.P.; project administration, M.B.P.P.O. and M.A.P.; funding acquisition, M.B.P.P.O. and M.A.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

The research leading to these results was supported by Xunta de Galicia for supporting the pre-doctoral grant of P. Barciela (ED481A-2024-230). The authors thank the EU-FORA Fellowship Program (EUBA-EFSA-2022-ENREL-02) that supports the work of M. Carpena and F. Chamorro. The authors are grateful to the National funding by FCT, Foundation for Science and Technology, through the individual research grants A.O.S. Jorge (2023.00981.BD).

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

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  7. Mishra, S.; Singh, A.K.; Singh, J.K. Ferrous sulfide and carboxyl-functionalized ferroferric oxide incorporated PVDF-based nanocomposite membranes for simultaneous removal of highly toxic heavy-metal ions from industrial ground water. J. Membr. Sci. 2020, 593, 117422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
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Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Jorge, A.O.S.; Chamorro, F.; Carpena, M.; Barciela, P.; Perez-Vazquez, A.; Oliveira, M.B.P.P.; Prieto, M.A. Recent Developments in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Wastewater. Proceedings 2024, 105, 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105122

AMA Style

Jorge AOS, Chamorro F, Carpena M, Barciela P, Perez-Vazquez A, Oliveira MBPP, Prieto MA. Recent Developments in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Wastewater. Proceedings. 2024; 105(1):122. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105122

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge, Ana Olivia S., Franklin Chamorro, Maria Carpena, Paula Barciela, Ana Perez-Vazquez, Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira, and Miguel A. Prieto. 2024. "Recent Developments in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Wastewater" Proceedings 105, no. 1: 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105122

APA Style

Jorge, A. O. S., Chamorro, F., Carpena, M., Barciela, P., Perez-Vazquez, A., Oliveira, M. B. P. P., & Prieto, M. A. (2024). Recent Developments in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Wastewater. Proceedings, 105(1), 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105122

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