Malaria Vector Surveillance and Control in an Elimination Setting in South Africa
Abstract
:1. Malaria and Plans for Elimination in South Africa
- Provision of effective management, leadership and coordination;
- Provision of sustainable and strengthened surveillance systems ensuring that 100% of cases are reported to the Malaria Information System (MIS);
- Community outreach and the provision of pertinent malaria information;
- Measures to ensure that all populations at risk receive at least 95% coverage with key vector suppression strategies and interventions;
- Universal access to diagnosis and treatment in endemic and non-endemic areas according to national guidelines.
2. Sporadic Malaria in Low Incidence Settings
3. Assessing Risk and Receptivity in Endemic Areas Cleared of Malaria
4. Conclusions
5. Recommendations
- Low-incidence districts earmarked for malaria elimination should ensure the full implementation of proactive or reactive vector control methods year on year, even after malaria elimination is achieved.
- Low incidence districts earmarked for malaria elimination should plan, implement and maintain active and passive case detection, especially amongst migrant and immigrant communities.
- Assessments of malaria risk and receptivity in malaria-free districts in endemic provinces should be routinely conducted by provincial entomological surveillance officers on an annual basis.
- Annual vector control plans at the local (district/municipality) level should be based on Anopheles species assemblages and insecticide susceptibility profiles of known vector populations.
- Additional vector control methods including dual active ingredient insecticide-treated bed net distribution, community outreach in terms of personal protection methods, housing design and screening, and environmental management (such as drainage of non-utilized water bodies used by mosquitoes for breeding) should be considered pre- and post-malaria elimination at the local level.
- Political commitment and the resources required for ongoing surveillance and control operations will need to be sourced year on year from national and provincial governments. This will require a multi-stakeholder approach coordinated by the NDoH Malaria Directorate. Important government department stakeholders include Agriculture, Finance and Environment.
- Cross-border initiatives need to be maintained, sustained and strengthened as needed, especially in terms of vector and parasite surveillance at border crossings/posts.
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Brooke, B.D. Malaria Vector Surveillance and Control in an Elimination Setting in South Africa. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2022, 7, 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110391
Brooke BD. Malaria Vector Surveillance and Control in an Elimination Setting in South Africa. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2022; 7(11):391. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110391
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrooke, Basil D. 2022. "Malaria Vector Surveillance and Control in an Elimination Setting in South Africa" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 11: 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110391