The Effect of HBV/HCV in Response to HAART in HIV Patients after 12 Months in Kumba Health District in the South West Region of Cameroon
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Procedures and Sample Analysis
2.3. Treatment Outcomes of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV Co-Infected Patients Following HAART
2.4. Statistical Methods and Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Response to Treatment of HIV Patients Co-Infected with HBV and HCV
3.2. Renal Function of Co-Infected HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and Mono-Infected HIV Patients
3.3. Liver Toxicity for HIV and HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV Co-Infections
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Month 1 Mean (SD) | Month 12 Mean (SD) | Percentage Change and 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 58.92 (16.76) | 66.20 (14.16) | 17.12 (12.70, 21.55) | <0.0001 |
CD4 (cells/mm3) | 510.96 (302.09) | 539.08 (306.31) | 8.92 (6.44, 11.40) | <0.0001 |
Viral load (copies/mL) | 65375.08 (197229.84) | 4481.37 (12381.16) | 1035.17 (684.97, 1385.38) | <0.0001 |
HBV or HCV Status | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error Mean | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | ||
Percentage weight (kg) | Positive | 36 | 12 | 7.4348 | 5.9422 | 5.20997 | 4.70470 | 0.86833 | 1.35813 |
Negative | 64 | 88 | 22.5788 | 18.6522 | 26.11704 | 23.30631 | 3.26463 | 2.48446 | |
Percentage CD4 (cells/mm3) | Positive | 36 | 12 | 10.4122 | 6.8558 | 17.12586 | 4.52219 | 2.85431 | 1.30544 |
Negative | 64 | 88 | 8.0875 | 9.2065 | 9.01223 | 13.22807 | 1.12653 | 1.41012 | |
Percentage viral load (copies/mL) | Positive | 36 | 12 | 1319.6755 | 477.6668 | 2650.27716 | 643.38148 | 441.71286 | 185.72824 |
Negative | 64 | 88 | 875.1497 | 1111.2034 | 959.53780 | 1855.72990 | 119.94222 | 197.82147 |
Variables | Categories | 1 Month Mean (SD) | 12 Months Mean (SD) | Percentage Change and 95% CI | p-Values for Change from Baseline | p-Values for Difference | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | In HBV Status | In HCV Status | ||
Weight | Co-infected with HIV | 62.44 (11.14) | 66.25 (10.50) | 66.69 (9.62) | 69.83 (8.90) | 7.43 (5.67, 9.19) | 5.94 (2.95, 8.93) | <0.0001 | 0.001 | <0.0001 | 0.064 |
Mono-infected | 56.94 (19.01) | 57.92 (17.24) | 65.92 (16.23) | 65.70 (14.70) | 22.57 (16.05, 29.10) | 18.6 (13.71, 23.59) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
CD4 | Co-infected | 360.58 (234.45) | 406.67 (159.40) | 378.33 (231.68) | 429.75 (156.10) | 10.41 (4.61, 16.20) | 6.85 (3.98, 9.72) | 0.001 | 0.026 | 0.375 | 0.544 |
Mono-infected | 595.55 (304.44) | 525.18 (314.53) | 629.50 (307.50) | 553.99 (319.08) | 8.08 (5.83, 10.33) | 9.20 (6.40, 12.00) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
Viral load | Co-infected with HIV | 107520.47 (242869.14) | 49912.08 (154947.21) | 5213.53 (10022.32) | 4394.00 (13248.70) | 1319.67 (422.95, 2216.40) | 477.66 (68.88, 886.45) | 0.005 | <0.0001 | 0.337 | 0.245 |
Mono-infected | 41668.30 (163622.61) | 67483.67 (202958.18) | 4069.53 (13587.01) | 4493.28 (12338.66) | 875.14 (635.46, 1114.83) | 1111.20 (718.01, 1504.39) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
HBV or HCV Status | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error Mean | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | ||
Percentage creatinine (mg/dL) | Positive | 36 | 12 | 11.1111 | 0.0000 | 31.87276 | 0.00000 | 5.31213 | 0.00000 |
Negative | 64 | 88 | 6.2500 | 9.0909 | 35.07362 | 35.99605 | 4.38420 | 3.83719 |
Variables | Categories | 1 Month Mean (SD) | 12 Months Mean (SD) | Percent Change and 95%CI | p Values for Change from Baseline | p Values for Difference Hepatitis Status | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | Between HBV Status | Between HCV Status | ||
Creatinine level | Co-infected | 1.11 (0.31) | 1.00 (0.00) | 1.00 (0.00) | 1.00 (0.00) | 11.11 (0.32, 21.89) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.044 | NA | 0.020 | 0.494 |
Mono-infected | 1.14(0.41) | 1.14 (0.41) | 1.05 (0.23) | 1.05 (0.23) | 9.09 (1.46, 16.71) | 9.09 (1.46, 16.71) | 0.020 | 0.020 |
Month 1 Mean (SD) | Month 12 Mean (SD) | Percentage Change and 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | |
ALAT (IU/L) | 43.91 (43.93) | 43.91 (43.93) | 38.56 (38.40) | 38.56 (38.40) | 12.78 (9.49, 16.06) | 12.78 (9.49, 16.06) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
ASAT (IU/L) | 41.64 (46.47) | 41.64 (46.47) | 34.65 (38.44) | 34.65 (38.44) | 20.03 (17.09, 22.98) | 20.03 (17.09, 22.98) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.14 (0.34) | 4.14 (0.34) | 4.10 (0.30) | 4.10 (0.30) | 1.10 (−0.22, 2.42) | 1.10 (−0.22, 2.42) | 0.103 | 0.103 |
Total Bilirubin (g/dL) | 0.92 (0.66) | 0.92 (0.66) | 0.81 (0.44) | 0.81 (0.44) | 7.59 (−5.22, 20.41) | 7.59 (−5.22, 20.41) | 0.242 | 0.242 |
HBV Status | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error Mean | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | ||
Percentage ALAT | Positive | 36 | 12 | 6.9702 | 16.1733 | 22.78705 | 4.57881 | 3.79784 | 1.32179 |
Negative | 64 | 88 | 16.0486 | 12.3177 | 10.58259 | 17.53174 | 1.32282 | 1.86889 | |
Percentage ASAT | Positive | 36 | 12 | 18.5594 | 23.0274 | 13.23796 | 11.93433 | 2.20633 | 3.44514 |
Negative | 64 | 88 | 20.8692 | 19.6300 | 15.72291 | 15.21572 | 1.96536 | 1.62200 | |
Percentage albumin | Positive | 36 | 12 | 1.5278 | 2.0833 | 7.91197 | 7.21688 | 1.31866 | 2.08333 |
Negative | 64 | 88 | 0.8594 | 0.9659 | 5.94650 | 6.64614 | 7.4331 | 7.0848 | |
Percentage Total bilirubin | Positive | 26 | 11 | −21.1538 | 18.1818 | 37.87632 | 40.45199 | 7.42816 | 12.19673 |
Negative | 48 | 68 | −15.6250 | 5.8824 | 25.59141 | 59.55645 | 3.69380 | 7.22228 |
Variables | Categories | 1 Month Mean (SD) | 12 Months Mean (SD) | Percent Change and 95% CI | p Values for Change from Baseline | p Values for Difference Hepatitis Status | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | HBV | HCV | ||
ALAT | Co-infected | 26.63 (19.00) | 46.91 (16.61) | 24.08 (16.00) | 40.50 (14.15) | 6.97 (−0.73, 14.68) | 16.17 (13.26, 19.08) | 0.075 | <0.0001 | 0.029 | 0.097 |
Mono-infected | 53.62 (50.65) | 43.50 (46.47) | 46.70 (44.59) | 38.29 (40.65) | 16.04(13.40,18.69) | 12.31 (15.44, 30.61) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
ASAT | Co-infected | 27.05 (12.25) | 49.16 (37.00) | 22.94 (10.33) | 40.91 (33.77) | 18.55 (14.08, 23.03) | 23.02 (−2.50, 6.66) | 0.254 | 0.339 | 0.458 | 0.460 |
Mono-infected | 49.84 (55.86) | 40.61 (47.70) | 41.23 (46.27) | 33.79 (39.13) | 20.86 (16.94, 24.79) | 19.63 (−8.99, 45.35) | 0.713 | 0.167 | |||
Albumin | Co-infected | 4.13 (0.35) | 4.08 (0.28) | 4.08 (0.28) | 4.00 (0.00) | 1.52 (−1.14, 4.20) | 2.08 (8.60, 16.03) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.634 | 0.590 |
Mono-infected | 4.14 (0.35) | 4.14 (0.35) | 4.10 (0.31) | 4.11 (0.31) | 0.85 (−0.62, 2.34) | 0.96 (16.40, 22.85) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
Total bilirubin | Co-infected | 0.80 (0.57) | 1.08 (0.51) | 0.72 (0.45) | 0.91 (0.28) | −3.84 (−25.16, 17.46) | 18.18 (−0.44, 2.37) | 0.252 | 0.176 | 0.509 | 0.512 |
Mono- infected | 0.98 (0.70) | 0.89 (0.67) | 0.85 (0.43) | 0.79 (0.45) | 13.20 (−3.04, 29.45) | 5.88 (−8.53, 20.29) | 0.109 | 0.418 |
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Ndifontiayong, A.N.; Ali, I.M.; Sokoudjou, J.B.; Ndimumeh, J.M.; Tume, C.B. The Effect of HBV/HCV in Response to HAART in HIV Patients after 12 Months in Kumba Health District in the South West Region of Cameroon. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6, 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6030150
Ndifontiayong AN, Ali IM, Sokoudjou JB, Ndimumeh JM, Tume CB. The Effect of HBV/HCV in Response to HAART in HIV Patients after 12 Months in Kumba Health District in the South West Region of Cameroon. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2021; 6(3):150. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6030150
Chicago/Turabian StyleNdifontiayong, Adamu Ndongho, Innocent Mbulli Ali, Jean Baptiste Sokoudjou, Jerimiah Mbogwe Ndimumeh, and Christopher Bonglavnyuy Tume. 2021. "The Effect of HBV/HCV in Response to HAART in HIV Patients after 12 Months in Kumba Health District in the South West Region of Cameroon" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 3: 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6030150
APA StyleNdifontiayong, A. N., Ali, I. M., Sokoudjou, J. B., Ndimumeh, J. M., & Tume, C. B. (2021). The Effect of HBV/HCV in Response to HAART in HIV Patients after 12 Months in Kumba Health District in the South West Region of Cameroon. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 6(3), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6030150