The First Outbreak of Dengue Fever in Greater Darfur, Western Sudan
1
Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
2
Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
3
Epidemiology Department, National Public Health Laboratory, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
4
Health Emergencies and Epidemics Control Directorate, Sudan Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
5
Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH 45701, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2019, 4(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4010043
Received: 31 December 2018 / Revised: 15 February 2019 / Accepted: 27 February 2019 / Published: 1 March 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology of Dengue: Past, Present and Future)
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti. Dengue fever is a rapidly growing disease with expanding geographical distribution worldwide. We investigated a high number of non-malaria febrile cases reported to health clinics in refugee camps in the five states of Darfur between August 2015 and March 2016. The clinical presentation of cases and case definition criteria suggested involvement of one or more arboviral hemorrhagic fevers. Out of 560 suspected cases, we collected and analyzed 204 blood samples and serologically positive samples were confirmed by PCR. We identified 32 (15.7%) dengue viral infections, six West Nile virus infections, and three Crimean–Congo viral infections. Dengue infections were found in four out of the five Darfur states. We reported the first dengue fever outbreak in the Darfur region. Our results highlight the need for public health education and further molecular, phylogenetic, and entomological investigations for a better understanding of the disease transmission and the associated risk factors in the region.
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Keywords:
dengue; outbreak; emergence; West Nile virus (WNV); hemorrhagic fever; Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF); epidemic; Aedes aegypti; Greater Darfur; Sudan
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MDPI and ACS Style
Ahmed, A.; Elduma, A.; Magboul, B.; Higazi, T.; Ali, Y. The First Outbreak of Dengue Fever in Greater Darfur, Western Sudan. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2019, 4, 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4010043
AMA Style
Ahmed A, Elduma A, Magboul B, Higazi T, Ali Y. The First Outbreak of Dengue Fever in Greater Darfur, Western Sudan. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2019; 4(1):43. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4010043
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed, Ayman; Elduma, Adel; Magboul, Babiker; Higazi, Tarig; Ali, Yousif. 2019. "The First Outbreak of Dengue Fever in Greater Darfur, Western Sudan" Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 4, no. 1: 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4010043
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