Pathogenic Leptospira in Commensal Small Mammals from the Extensively Urbanized Coastal Benin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zone | Locality/Site | Environment | GPS | All | Rra | Rno | Mna | Cro | Other | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lat | Long | N | Pos | N | Pos | N | Pos | N | Pos | N | Pos | N | Pos | |||
Cotonou | Cotonou/Abokicodji lagune | Urban | 6.363 | 2.442 | 16 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Cotonou/Adogléta | Urban | 6.381 | 2.438 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Agbato | Urban | 6.390 | 2.439 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
Cotonou/Agontinkon | Urban | 6.374 | 2.404 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |||||||
Cotonou/Ahouansori | Urban | 6.388 | 2.423 | 14 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||
Cotonou/Aïbatin | Urban | 6.358 | 2.363 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |||||||||
Cotonou/Avotrou | Urban | 6.389 | 2.476 | 27 | 5 | 19 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Ayimlofidé | Urban | 6.392 | 2.434 | 30 | 2 | 28 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |||||||
Cotonou/Bokossi Tokpa | Urban | 6.365 | 2.438 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Dandji | Urban | 6.373 | 2.477 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Cotonou/Dédokpo | Urban | 6.369 | 2.441 | 13 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Djidjé | Urban | 6.384 | 2.434 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Enagnon | Urban | 6.362 | 2.453 | 14 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||
Cotonou/Fidjrossé | Urban | 6.350 | 2.370 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||||||
Cotonou/Fifadji | Urban | 6.395 | 2.398 | 41 | 4 | 39 | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||||
Cotonou/Finagnon | Urban | 6.361 | 2.476 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | |||||||||
Cotonou/Marché Ganhi | Urban | 6.354 | 2.437 | 11 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | |||||||
Cotonou/Gankpodo | Urban | 6.393 | 2.456 | 15 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Gbadji | Urban | 6.372 | 2.388 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||||||||
Cotonou/Gbénonkpo | Urban | 6.382 | 2.399 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||
Cotonou/Godomey | Urban | 6.413 | 2.312 | 13 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||
Cotonou/Haie Vive | Urban | 6.357 | 2.399 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||
Cotonou/Houénoussou | Urban | 6.358 | 2.364 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||||||
Cotonou/Houéyiho | Urban | 6.367 | 2.387 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||
Cotonou/Kowégbo | Urban | 6.387 | 2.469 | 12 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||
Cotonou/Kpankpan | Urban | 6.373 | 2.439 | 11 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Ladji | Urban | 6.389 | 2.433 | 11 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Maher | Urban | 6.392 | 2.434 | 3 | 0 | 3 * | 0 | |||||||||
Cotonou/Marché Dantokpa | Urban | 6.374 | 2.430 | 15 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Maro militaire | Urban | 6.363 | 2.421 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Minonchou | Urban | 6.391 | 2.457 | 14 | 2 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Cotonou/PAC (harbour) | Urban | 6.348 | 2.431 | 41 | 11 | 24 | 8 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 5 ** | 0 | |||
Cotonou/Sèdami | Urban | 6.370 | 2.420 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||
Cotonou/Sodjatinmin | Urban | 6.368 | 2.456 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||||
Cotonou | Cotonou/Saint Jean | Urban | 6.363 | 2.418 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||||||||
Cotonou/Saint Jacques | Urban | 6.358 | 2.457 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Suru Léré | Urban | 6.382 | 2.462 | 20 | 10 | 19 | 9 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Cotonou/Tchankpamé | Urban | 6.378 | 2.486 | 11 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |||||
Togbin | Peri-urban | 6.357 | 2.302 | 42 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Tokpa Hoho | Urban | 6.365 | 2.434 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Cotonou/Vossa Kpodji | Urban | 6.397 | 2.400 | 27 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Cotonou/Wlacodji | Urban | 6.351 | 2.442 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||
Cotonou/Zogbohoué | Urban | 6.379 | 2.389 | 25 | 2 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Total | 516 | 62 | 338 | 38 | 64 | 12 | 72 | 12 | 34 | 1 | 8 | 0 | ||||
Ganvié | Ganvié | Lacustrial | 6.468 | 2.397 | 41 | 9 | 35 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Total | 41 | 9 | 35 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||
Porto Novo | Porto-Novo/Adjinan | Urban | 6.470 | 2.614 | 17 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 4 | 1 | ||||||
Porto-Novo/Akonaboé | Urban | 6.514 | 2.605 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 4 | |||||
Porto-Novo/Djegan-Daho | Urban | 6.487 | 2.651 | 24 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 10 | 3 | |||
Porto-Novo/Dowa | Urban | 6.497 | 2.594 | 23 | 4 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | |||||
Porto-Novo/Gbékon | Urban | 6.469 | 2.635 | 29 | 7 | 17 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 2 | |||||
Porto-Novo/Grand Marché | Urban | 6.475 | 2.630 | 39 | 10 | 12 | 8 | 27 | 2 | |||||||
Porto-Novo/Hounsa | Urban | 6.511 | 2.634 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 | |||
Porto-Novo/Marché Ouando 1 | Urban | 6.505 | 2.612 | 37 | 1 | 32 | 1 | 5 | 0 | |||||||
Porto-Novo/Marché Ouando 2 | Urban | 6.508 | 2.611 | 31 | 5 | 29 | 5 | 2 | 0 | |||||||
Porto-Novo/Zounkpa | Urban | 6.484 | 2.649 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | |||||||
Total | 228 | 41 | 127 | 21 | 4 | 1 | 30 | 10 | 67 | 9 | ||||||
Ouidah | Savi/Minantinkpon | Peri-urban | 6.383 | 2.091 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 *** | 1 | ||||||
Savi/Houéton | Rural | 6.428 | 2.104 | 20 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||||
Gakpé | Rural | 6.435 | 2.111 | 50 | 1 | 41 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |||||
Pahou/Marché de Pahou | Urban | 6.384 | 2.208 | 32 | 3 | 14 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 0 | |||
Pahou/Adjarra | Peri-urban | 6.409 | 2.200 | 26 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Ouidah/Gbénan | Urban | 6.372 | 2.068 | 18 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||||
Ouidah/Marché de Zobé | Urban | 6.359 | 2.087 | 17 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 1 | |||||
Ouidah/Marché de Kpassé | Urban | 6.374 | 2.090 | 18 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 14 | 2 | |||||||
Total | 186 | 11 | 110 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 34 | 4 | 34 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
Total | 971 | 123 | 610 | 65 | 79 | 19 | 136 | 26 | 136 | 13 | 10 | 1 |
Zone | Site | Cro | Mna | Rno | Rra |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ouidah | Pahou Adjarra | 1 int | |||
Marché Zobé | 1 kir | ||||
Marché Pahou | 1 bor + 2 int | ||||
Minantinkpon | 1 bor | ||||
Gakpé | 1 bor | ||||
Marché Kpassé | 1 kir | ||||
Cotonou | Abokicodji | 1 int | |||
Agbato | 2 bor | ||||
Agontikon | 2 bor | ||||
Avotrou | 2 bor | 1 bor | |||
Dandji | 1 bor | ||||
Enagnon | 1 int | 1 int | |||
Fifadji | 1 int | 1 bor | |||
Ganhi | 2 int | ||||
Gankpodo | 1 bor | ||||
Houenoussou | 1 bor | ||||
Kpankpan | 2 bor | ||||
Marché Tokpa | 1 int | ||||
PAC | 1 bor + 1 int | 6 int | |||
Suru Léré | 1 bor | 6 bor + 1 int | |||
Tchankpamé | 1 bor | ||||
Tokpa Hoho | 1 int | ||||
Vossa Kpodji | 1 bor + 1 int | ||||
Wlacodji | 1 int | ||||
Zogbohoué | 2 bor | ||||
Ganvié | Ganvié | 2 int | |||
Porto-Novo | Adjinan | 1 kir | |||
Ouando 1 | 1 bor | ||||
Ouando 2 | 5 bor | ||||
Grand Marché | 1 kir + 1 bor | 8 bor | |||
Djégan-Daho | 3 kir | 2 bor | 2 bor | ||
Dowa | 1 kir | 1 bor | 2 bor | ||
Akonaboé | 2 bor | ||||
Gbékon | 2 bor | 2 bor | 2 bor |
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Houéménou, G.; Gauthier, P.; Etougbétché, J.; Badou, S.; Dossou, H.-J.; Agossou, D.; Picardeau, M.; Dobigny, G. Pathogenic Leptospira in Commensal Small Mammals from the Extensively Urbanized Coastal Benin. Urban Sci. 2019, 3, 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3030099
Houéménou G, Gauthier P, Etougbétché J, Badou S, Dossou H-J, Agossou D, Picardeau M, Dobigny G. Pathogenic Leptospira in Commensal Small Mammals from the Extensively Urbanized Coastal Benin. Urban Science. 2019; 3(3):99. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3030099
Chicago/Turabian StyleHouéménou, Gualbert, Philippe Gauthier, Jonas Etougbétché, Sylvestre Badou, Henri-Joël Dossou, David Agossou, Mathieu Picardeau, and Gauthier Dobigny. 2019. "Pathogenic Leptospira in Commensal Small Mammals from the Extensively Urbanized Coastal Benin" Urban Science 3, no. 3: 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3030099