Exploring Indicators for Training Load Control in Young Swimmers: The Role of Inspiratory Spirometry Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Anthropometric Measures
2.4. Vertical Jump
2.5. Inspiratory Spirometry
2.6. Critical Swimming Speed Test
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Countermovement Jump (CMJ)
3.2. Inspiratory Spirometry
CMJ 1 (Mean ± SD) | CMJ 2 (Mean ± SD) | CMJ 3 (Mean ± SD) | Group Differences | Sex Diferences | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p Value | Bonferroni | p Value | Bonferroni | ||||||||
CMJ 1–CMJ 2 | CMJ 2–CMJ 3 | CMJ 1–CMJ 3 | CMJ 1–CMJ 2 | CMJ 2–CMJ 3 | CMJ 1–CMJ 3 | ||||||
Strength (N) | 1216 ± 263 | 1254 ± 267 | 1247 ± 250 | 0.065 | 0.081 | 1.000 | 0.171 | 0.440 | 0.114 | 1.000 | 0.247 |
Power (W) | 1480 ± 489 | 1569 ± 488 | 1543 ± 441 | 0.100 | 0.101 | 1.000 | 0.332 | 0.546 | 0.138 | 1.000 | 0.452 |
Height (cm) | 29.5 ± 7.77 | 30.5 ± 6.78 | 28.2 ± 6.39 | <0.001 | 0.209 | <0.001 | 0.103 | 0.043 | 0.296 | <0.001 | 0.035 |
Speed (m/s) | 1.19 ± 0.16 | 1.23 ± 0.14 | 1.22 ± 0.13 | 0.046 | 0.098 | 1.000 | 0.137 | 0.317 | 0.141 | 1.000 | 0.202 |
E1 (Mean ± SD) | E2 (Mean ± SD) | E3 (Mean ± SD) | Group Differences | Sex Diferences | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p Value | Bonferroni | p Value | Bonferroni | ||||||||
E1–E2 | E2–E3 | E1–E3 | E1–E2 | E2–E3 | E1–E3 | ||||||
S-INDEX (cmH2O) | 107 ± 33.8 | 112 ± 37.7 | 111 ± 36.2 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 1.000 | 0.093 | 0.008 | <0.001 | 1.000 | 0.021 |
PIF (cmH2O) | 5.94 ± 1.54 | 6.21 ± 1.89 | 6.15 ± 1.90 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 1.000 | 0.059 | 0.007 | <0.001 | 1.000 | 0.009 |
3.3. Critical Swim Speed
3.4. CMJ Ratio and Inspiratory Spirometry
3.5. Inspiratory Spirometry and Performance Relationship
3.6. CMJ and Performance Relationship
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean ± SD | |
---|---|
Age (years) | 17.0 ± 2.20 |
Height (cm) | 171 ± 10.6 |
Leg Length (cm) | 109 ± 5.99 |
Heigh_90° (cm) | 75.8 ± 4.49 |
Body Mass (Kg) | 63.9 ± 9.68 |
Practice (years) | 8.93 ± 2.83 |
Time 400 m (s) (Mean ± SD) | Speed 400 m (m/s) (Mean ± SD) | Time 100 m (s) (Mean ± SD) | Speed 100 m (m/s) (Mean ± SD) | CSS (m/s) (Mean ± SD) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Data | 299 ± 25.8 | 1.35 ± 0.11 | 65.44 ± 6.83 | 1.51 ± 0.18 | 1.29 ± 0.10 |
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Feria-Madueño, A.; Batalha, N.; Monterrubio-Fernández, G.; Parraca, J.A. Exploring Indicators for Training Load Control in Young Swimmers: The Role of Inspiratory Spirometry Outcomes. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9, 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9010053
Feria-Madueño A, Batalha N, Monterrubio-Fernández G, Parraca JA. Exploring Indicators for Training Load Control in Young Swimmers: The Role of Inspiratory Spirometry Outcomes. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2024; 9(1):53. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9010053
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeria-Madueño, Adrián, Nuno Batalha, Germán Monterrubio-Fernández, and Jose A. Parraca. 2024. "Exploring Indicators for Training Load Control in Young Swimmers: The Role of Inspiratory Spirometry Outcomes" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 1: 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9010053