Kinematic Analysis of the Lower Limb in Uchi-Mata: Comparison Between Elite Athletes Specializing and Non-Specializing
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Approach
2.2. Participants
2.3. Experimental Procedures
2.4. Lower-Limb Turning (Kuzushi) Displacement Calculation
- Dh = hip displacement;
- Dk = knee displacement;
- Df = foot displacement;
- x, y = Cartesian coordinates (horizontal and vertical directions, respectively).
2.5. Total Uchi-Mata Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Practical Application
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BMI | Body mass index |
LLi | Lower limbs |
CI | Confidence interval |
Dh | Hip displacement |
Dk | Knee displacement |
DF | Foot displacement |
NSC | Non-standardized coefficient |
SC | Standardized coefficient |
LL | Lower limit |
UL | Upper limit |
Sig | Significance |
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Specialist (n = 20) | Non-Specialist (n = 20) | Fcalc.; p | 95%CI for Difference | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (♀/♂) | 4/16 | 8/12 | - | - |
Dominance (R/L) | 18/2 | 17/3 | - | - |
Age (years) | 25.8 ± 6.4 | 22.9 ± 5.3 | 2.428; 0.127 | 2.9 (−0.9;6.7) |
Body mass (kg) | 68.5 ± 9.6 | 67.9 ± 15.0 | 0.64; 0.802 | 0.6 (−7.4; 8.7) |
Height (cm) | 168.1 ± 7.9 | 168.8 ± 9.5 | 0.024; 0.877 | 0.0 (−0.1; 0.1) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 1.9 | 23.6 ± 3.4 | 0.419; 0.521 | 0.6 (−1.2; 2.3) |
LL height (cm) | 87.4 ± 4.0 | 88.5 ± 5.2 | 0.369; 0.547 | 0.9 (−3.9; 2.1) |
Training (h/wk) | 18.8 ± 1.1 | 18.8 ± 2.3 | 0.01; 1.0 | 0.6 (−1.1; 1.1) |
Specialists | Non-Specialists | F Calc; p Value | 95%CI for Difference | Cohen’s d | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (s) | |||||
Approach | 0.5 ± 0.2 a | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 4.73; 0.035 | 0.1 (0.01; 0.2) | 0.687 |
Turning | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.593; 0.446 | −0.07 (−0.25; 0.11) | 0.243 |
Throw | 0.6 ± 0.1 a | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 7.25; 0.01 | 0.09 (0.02; 0.16) | 0.851 |
Angular hip velocity (°/s) | |||||
Approach | 137.3 ± 50.2 | 118.5 ± 38.2 | 1.773; 0.191 | 18.8 (−9.76; 47.38) | 0.421 |
Turning | 119.4 ± 56.0 | 110.4 ± 52.5 | 0.276; 0.603 | 9.01 (−25.74; 43.76) | 0.166 |
Throw | 179.3 ± 65.1 | 149.2 ± 55.1 | 2.501; 0.122 | 30.15 (−8.45; 68.75) | 0.5 |
Angular knee velocity (°/s) | |||||
Approach | 207.6 ± 86.8 | 217.0 ± 91.3 | 0.112; 0.74 | −9.42 (−66.43; 47.59) | 0.1 |
Turning | 330.3 ± 126.8 | 296.1 ± 87.9 | 0.979; 0.329 | 34.15 (−35.71; 104.02) | 0.312 |
Throw | 167.6 ± 87.2 | 161.0 ± 127.7 | 0.037; 0.849 | 6.62 (−63.39; 76.63) | 0.06 |
Linear foot velocity (m/s) | |||||
Approach | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 0.647; 0.426 | 0.23 (−0.35; 0.82) | 0.254 |
Turning | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 1.819; 0.185 | 0.46 (−0.23; 1.15) | 0.426 |
Throw | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 3.36; 0.075 | 0.38 (−0.04; 0.8) | 0.579 |
Angular hip acceleration (°/s2) | |||||
Approach | 1899.1 ± 1008.5 | 2136.3 ± 1052.2 | 0.215; 0.645 | −237.24 (−1,272.32; 797.83) | 0.146 |
Turning | 2584.1 ± 1503.2 | 2420.2 ± 1292.5 | 0.137; 0.714 | 163.89 (−733.52; 1061.29) | 0.116 |
Throw | 2841.7 ± 1285.0 | 3152.8 ± 1463.6 | 0.251; 0.619 | −311.03 (−1568.82; 946.76) | 0.158 |
Angular knee acceleration (°/s2) | |||||
Approach | 3803.5 ± 2136.0 | 4267.9 ± 2118.4 | 0.4776 0.494 | −464.39 (1826.15; 897.39) | 0.218 |
Turning | 6223.9 ± 4113.9 | 5047.3 ± 2127.0 | 1.291; 0.263 | 1176.61 (−919.82; 3273.03) | 0.359 |
Throw | 3758.9 ± 2656.5 | 4860.4 ± 2219.4 | 0.707; 0.406 | −1101.56 (−3752.63; 1549.51) | 0.266 |
Linear foot acceleration (m/s2) | |||||
Approach | 18.7 ± 10.5 | 19.6 ± 10.6 | 0.049; 0.825 | −0.94 (−9.48; 7.6) | 0.09 |
Turning | 26.5 ± 9.3 | 25.6 ± 10.3 | 0.072; 0.789 | 0.83 (−5.45; 7.12) | 0.09 |
Throw | 17.1 ± 5.2 | 15.6 ± 3.9 | 0.997; 0.324 | 1.45 (−1.49; 4.38) | 0.33 |
Hip displacement (m) | |||||
Approach | 0.3 ± 0.1 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 7.926; 0.007 | −0.08 (−0.15; −0.02) | 1.0 |
Turning | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.771; 0.385 | 0.02 (−0.03; 0.08) | 1.0 |
Throw | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.505; 0.481 | 0.01 (−0.02; 0.04) | 0.001 |
Knee displacement (m) | |||||
Approach | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.538; 0.467 | 0.04 (−0.07; 0.15) | 0.07 |
Turning | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.049; 0.825 | 0.01 (−0.08; 0.09) | 0.085 |
Throw | 0.5 ± 0.2 a | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 9.0; 0.047 | −0.16 (−0.27; −0.05) | 0.315 |
Foot displacement (m) | |||||
Approach | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.747; 0.392 | 0.07 (−0.09; 0.22) | 0.89 |
Turning | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.091; 0.763 | −0.02 (−0.18; 0.13) | 0.277 |
Throw | 1.1 ± 0.2 a | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 10.082; 0.002 | −0.23 (−0.38; −0.08) | 0.224 |
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Brito, C.J.; Almeida, N.R.; Roa-Gamboa, I.; Barreto, L.B.M.; Fernandes, J.R.; Vieira-Souza, L.M.; Nóbrega, O.d.T.; Díaz de Durana, A.L.; Miarka, B.; Aedo-Muñoz, E. Kinematic Analysis of the Lower Limb in Uchi-Mata: Comparison Between Elite Athletes Specializing and Non-Specializing. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10, 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10040378
Brito CJ, Almeida NR, Roa-Gamboa I, Barreto LBM, Fernandes JR, Vieira-Souza LM, Nóbrega OdT, Díaz de Durana AL, Miarka B, Aedo-Muñoz E. Kinematic Analysis of the Lower Limb in Uchi-Mata: Comparison Between Elite Athletes Specializing and Non-Specializing. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2025; 10(4):378. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10040378
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrito, Ciro José, Naiara Ribeiro Almeida, Ignacio Roa-Gamboa, Lindsei Brabec Mota Barreto, José Raimundo Fernandes, Lúcio Marques Vieira-Souza, Otávio de Toledo Nóbrega, Alfonso López Díaz de Durana, Bianca Miarka, and Esteban Aedo-Muñoz. 2025. "Kinematic Analysis of the Lower Limb in Uchi-Mata: Comparison Between Elite Athletes Specializing and Non-Specializing" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 10, no. 4: 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10040378
APA StyleBrito, C. J., Almeida, N. R., Roa-Gamboa, I., Barreto, L. B. M., Fernandes, J. R., Vieira-Souza, L. M., Nóbrega, O. d. T., Díaz de Durana, A. L., Miarka, B., & Aedo-Muñoz, E. (2025). Kinematic Analysis of the Lower Limb in Uchi-Mata: Comparison Between Elite Athletes Specializing and Non-Specializing. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 10(4), 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10040378