Continental Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevalence Among Surgeons: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Quality Assessment
2.4. Data Extraction
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Registration and Report
3. Results
3.1. Search Results
3.2. Study Characteristics
3.3. Quality Appraisal
3.4. Meta-Analysis of Overall WMSD Prevalence
3.5. Meta-Analysis WMSD Prevalence by Body Area
3.5.1. Neck
3.5.2. Upper Back
3.5.3. Lower Back
3.5.4. Shoulder
3.5.5. Elbow
3.5.6. Wrist
3.5.7. Hip
3.5.8. Knee
3.5.9. Ankle
3.6. Meta-Regression
4. Discussion
4.1. WMSD Prevalence—Overall and by Body Area
4.2. Age, Experience, and Year of Publication Effects on WMSD Prevalence
4.3. Limitations and Recommendations for Future Works
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
WMSDs | Work-related musculoskeletal disorders |
AXIS | Tool for evaluating cross-sectional studies |
BMI | Body mass index |
PRISMA | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses |
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Authors | Country | Surgeons per 100,000 Inhabitants | Sample Size | Male/Female (%) | Age * (Year) | Experience * (Year) | Case Load * (Case per Week) | Case Load * (h per Week) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
America | ||||||||
Adams et al., 2013 [10] | United States | 54.71 | 495 | 50.3/49.7 | 47 | 18 | 8 | |
Alqhatani et al., 2022 [18] | United States | 54.71 | 578 | 84.8/15.2 | 52.8 | 19.78 | 8.57 | |
Alzahrani et al., 2016 [38] | United States | 54.71 | 402 | 76.1/23.9 | 51.2 | 18.3 | ||
Auerbach et al., 2011 [15] | United States | 54.71 | 561 | 54 | 2.8 | |||
Berguer 1998 [7] | United States | 54.71 | 149 | |||||
Bolduc-Beguin et al., 2017 [60] | Canada | 43.87 | 137 | 79.0/21.0 | 46 | 14 | ||
Buschbacher 1994 [39] | United States | 54.71 | 265 | 95.1/4.9 | 48.8 ± 8.6 | |||
Capone et al., 2010 [17] | United States | 54.71 | 325 | 87.1/12.9 | 48.1 | 12.9 | ||
Cavanagh et al., 2012 [40] | United States | 54.71 | 100 | 85.0/15.0 | 52.96 ± 8.03 | 21.17 ± 9.32 | ||
Cohen-Rosenblum et al., 2022 [14] | United States | 54.71 | 63 | 0.0/100.0 | 45.2 | 10.65 | 5.3 | |
Davis et al., 2013 [41] | United States | 54.71 | 140 | 49.7 ± 10.7 | 19.3 | 13.8 | ||
Davis et al., 2014 [22] | United States | 54.71 | 260 | 80.0/20.0 | 20 ± 11 | 19 ± 10 | ||
Dhimitri et al., 2005 [42] | United States | 54.71 | 697 | 84.1/15.9 | 51.9 | 19.8 | 6.8 | |
Diaconita et al., 2019 [61] | Canada | 43.87 | 169 | 68.0/32.0 | ||||
Esser et al., 2007 [43] | United States | 54.71 | 17 | 70.6/29.4 | 39.6 | 6.8 | 24.3 | |
Forst et al., 2006 [44] | United States | 54.71 | 285 | 97.5/2.5 | 46.7 | 14.1 | ||
Franasiak et al., 2012 [45] | United States | 54.71 | 260 | 59.2/40.8 | 45.3 | 9.4 | ||
Franasiak et al., 2014 [46] | United States | 54.71 | 42 | 45.2/54.8 | 3 | 5.4 | ||
Gofrit et al., 2008 [47] | United States | 54.71 | 73 | 100.0/0.0 | 44 ± 8.4 | 11.7 ± 8.4 | 3.1 ± 2.8 | |
Goldstein et al., 2004 [48] | United States | 54.71 | 423 | 13.8 | 9.8 | |||
Hansel et al., 2008 [49] | United States | 54.71 | 71 | 83.1/16.9 | 45.1 | |||
Ho et al., 2018 [50] | United States | 54.71 | 376 | 72.7/27.3 | 34.7 ± 8.69 | 4.48 | 6.7 | |
Johnston et al., 2005 [51] | United States | 54.71 | 25 | 1.6 | ||||
Kitzmann et al., 2012 [52] | United States | 54.71 | 94 | 66.0/34.0 | 41.5 ± 10.9 | 11.8 | ||
Klein et al., 2015 [53] | United States | 54.71 | 310 | 89.0/11.0 | 49 | 16 | 11.1 | |
Knudsen et al., 2014 [54] | United States | 54.71 | 32 | 75.0/25.0 | 29.5 | 2.9 | 33.8 | |
Lee et al., 2017 [55] | United States | 54.71 | 428 | 71.3/28.7 | 47.61 ± 9.2 | 13.48 ± 9.5 | 5.24 ± 4.2 | |
Liang et al., 2012 [56] | United States | 54.71 | 354 | 70.9/29.1 | 44.5 | 8.9 | ||
Liberman et al., 2005 [57] | United States | 54.71 | 582 | 89.3/10.7 | 48 | 14.8 | 17 | |
O’Sullivan 2002 [62] | Canada | 43.87 | 122 | |||||
Plerhoples et al., 2012 [20] | United States | 54.71 | 1086 | 72.7/27.3 | 45.8 ± 9.0 | 12.1 ± 8.3 | 0.77 | |
Plerhoples et al., 2012 [20] | United States | 54.71 | 1068 | 72.7/27.3 | 45.8 ± 9.0 | 13.8 ± 9.2 | 0.77 | |
Sivak-Callcott et al., 2011 [58] | United States | 54.71 | 130 | 85.4/14.6 | 48 | 16.1 | 13.8 | |
Trejo et al., 2006 [59] | United States | 54.71 | 38 | |||||
Voss et al., 2016 [3] | United States | 54.71 | 127 | 60.6/39.4 | 7.1 | |||
Wohlauer et al., 2021 [61] | United States | 54.71 | 736 | 83.6/16.4 | 51.4 ± 10.9 | 17.2 ± 11.6 | ||
Wohlauer et al., 2021 [61] | United States | 54.71 | 736 | 83.6/16.4 | 51.4 ± 10.9 | 17.2 ± 11.6 | ||
Wolf et al., 2000 [13] | United States | 54.71 | 18 | 45.5 | ||||
Total | 11,774 | 77.4/22.6 | 48.1 ± 4.1 | 14.8 ± 3.9 | 5.2 ± 3.7 | 12.3 ± 6.3 | ||
Asia | ||||||||
Alnefaie et al., 2019 [37] | Saudi Arabia | 121 | 61.2/38.8 | 34.38 | ||||
Alnefaie et al., 2019 [37] | Saudi Arabia | 121 | 61.2/38.8 | 34.38 | ||||
Alshehri 2022 [70] | Saudi Arabia | 104 | 73.1/26.9 | 43.36 ± 10.7 | 12.93 | 4.53 | ||
Dabholkar et al., 2015 [4] | India | 6.82 | 75 | 74.0/26.0 | 43.4 | 14.06 | 10.24 | |
Dabholkar et al., 2017 [65] | India | 6.82 | 73 | 63.1/36.9 | 37.38 ± 10.79 | 10.60 ± 9.1 | 4.86 ± 2.23 | |
Dianat et al., 2018 [66] | Iran | 5.02 | 312 | 65.1/34.9 | 45.2 ± 9.3 | 12.5 ± 8.3 | 13.1 ± 7.3 | |
Hemal et al., 2001 [19] | India | 6.82 | 131 | 41.6 ± 6.1 | 4.8 ± 2.5 | 8.8 ± 4.8 | ||
Hemal et al., 2001 [19] | India | 6.82 | 73 | 36.9 ± 8.4 | 10.9 ± 7.6 | 12.9 ± 5.7 | ||
Liang et al., 2013 [63] | China | 40.13 | 241 | 96.7/3.3 | 44.3 | 5.28 | ||
Mehrifar et al., 2018 [67] | Iran | 5.02 | 40 | 63.0/37.0 | 38.54 ± 8.34 | 8.7 | ||
Mirbod et al. 1995 [69] | Japan | 37.36 | 63 | 100.0/0.0 | 41.8 ± 9.5 | 16.6 ± 9.5 | ||
Mohseni-Bandpei et al., 2011 [68] | Iran | 5.02 | 223 | 48.4/51.6 | 42.6 | 10.5 | ||
Rambabu and Suneetha 2014 [23] | India | 6.82 | 100 | |||||
Riaz et al., 2021 [83] | Pakistan | 5.53 | 100 | 48.0/52.0 | 33.13 ± 11 | 7.48 ± 9.51 | 24.78 | |
Szeto et al., 2009 [64] | China | 40.13 | 135 | 82.2/17.8 | 35.3 | 10.0 ± 7.3 | ||
Tan and Kwek 2020 [26] | Singapore | 31.45 | 56 | 33 | 16 | |||
Vaghela et al., 2019 [24] | India | 6.82 | 43 | 69.8/30.2 | 42.07 | 15.14 | ||
Total | 2011 | 69.5/30.5 | 40.4 ± 4.4 | 10.9 ± 2.9 | 10.4 ± 6.2 | 11.5 ± 2.9 | ||
Europe | ||||||||
Battevi et al., 2009 [73] | Italy | 142.4 | 176 | 38.6/61.4 | 42.8 | |||
Cass et al., 2014 [12] | United Kingdom | 133.3 | 128 | |||||
Giagio et al., 2019 [11] | Italy | 142.4 | 76 | 65.8/34.2 | 37.7 ± 12.1 | 10.4 ± 11.3 | 16.1 | |
Giberti et al., 2014 [74] | Italy | 142.4 | 17 | 94.1/5.9 | 51.3 | 3 | 6.0 | |
Hyer et al., 2015 [80] | United Kingdom | 133.3 | 518 | 74.5/25.5 | 48.7 | 8.78 | ||
Kaya et al., 2008 [79] | Turkey | 47.63 | 82 | |||||
Mal and Costello 2002 [16] | United Kingdom | 133.3 | 367 | 51.2 | ||||
Matern and Koneczny 2007 [71] | Germany | 108 | 425 | 75.0/25.0 | ||||
Morandeira-Rivas et al., 2012 [75] | Spain | 79.9 | 78 | 87.0/13.0 | 44.06 | 1.3 | ||
Quinn and Moohan 2015 [72] | Ireland | 71.97 | 53 | 36.0/64.0 | 30.4 | 4.5 | ||
Rata et al., 2021 [25] | Romania | 60.53 | 95 | 62.1/37.9 | 37.56 ± 8.74 | 10.09 ± 8.41 | 7.56 ± 3.73 | |
Ruitenburg et al., 2012 [76] | The Netherlands | 48.97 | 295 | 45.0/55.0 | 40.0 ± 9.8 | |||
Sari et al., 2010 [77] | The Netherlands | 48.97 | 55 | 65.4/34.6 | 39.5 ± 7.3 | 8.75 ± 6.07 | 6 | |
Stomberg et al., 2010 [21] | Sweden | 113.11 | 101 | 36.6/63.4 | 48.2 ± 10.2 | 14.5 ± 10.4 | 1.9 | |
Tjiam et al., 2014 [78] | The Netherlands | 48.97 | 285 | 93.0/7.0 | 46 | 12.9 | 6.45 | |
Vijendren et al., 2016 [81] | United Kingdom | 133.3 | 323 | 18.7 | ||||
Total | 3074 | 67.0/33.0 | 45.5 ± 5.2 | 13.6 ± 4.3 | 8.2 ± 5.8 | 7.2 ± 2.1 | ||
Oceania | ||||||||
Grant et al., 2020 [84] | Australia | 45.11 | 329 | 73.0/27.0 | 20 | |||
Worldwide total | 17,188 | 74.8/25.2 | 46.7 ± 5.0 | 14.3 ± 4.0 | 6.9 ± 5.3 | 11.3 ± 5.9 |
Authors | Country | Sample Size | WMSD Prevalence by Body Area | Overall WMSD Prevalence | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neck | Upper Back | Lower Back | Shoulder | Elbow | Wrist | Hip | Knee | Ankle | ||||
America | ||||||||||||
Adams et al., 2013 [10] | United States | 495 | 72.9% | 61.6% | 75.6% | 66.6% | 60.9% | |||||
Alqhatani et al., 2022 [18] | United States | 578 | 18.3% | 20.7% | 14.0% | 15.7% | 31.3% | 4.0% | 7.4% | 5.7% | 60.4% | |
Alzahrani et al., 2016 [38] | United States | 402 | 10.4% | 28.6% | 12.9% | 15.4% | 10.0% | 67.0% | ||||
Auerbach et al., 2011 [15] | United States | 561 | 59.4% | 62.2% | 48.5% | 28.3% | 24.8% | |||||
Berguer 1998 [7] | United States | 149 | 52.0% | 55.0% | 47.0% | |||||||
Bolduc-Beguin et al., 2017 [60] | Canada | 137 | 64.3% | 58.4% | 64.2% | 97.0% | ||||||
Buschbacher 1994 [39] | United States | 265 | 13.0% | 19.0% | 15.0% | 14.0% | 43.8% | |||||
Capone et al., 2010 [17] | United States | 325 | 26.8% | 24.0% | 17.9% | 29.8% | 24.7% | 81.5% | ||||
Cavanagh et al., 2012 [40] | United States | 100 | 59.7% | 19.4% | 62.0% | |||||||
Cohen-Rosenblum et al., 2022 [14] | United States | 63 | 17.5% | 30.2% | 33.3% | 11.1% | 54.0% | 9.5% | 7.9% | 11.1% | 68.3% | |
Davis et al., 2013 [41] | United States | 140 | 10.0% | 19.3% | 7.1% | 25.0% | 44.0% | |||||
Davis et al., 2014 [22] | United States | 260 | 7.7% | 3.5% | 8.8% | 1.9% | 2.7% | 40.0% | ||||
Dhimitri et al., 2005 [42] | United States | 697 | 32.6% | 39.0% | 32.9% | 51.8% | ||||||
Diaconita et al., 2019 [61] | Canada | 169 | 46.0% | 21.0% | 36.0% | 28.0% | 18.0% | 50.0% | ||||
Esser et al., 2007 [43] | United States | 17 | 59.0% | 12.0% | 41.0% | 53.0% | 12.0% | 12.0% | ||||
Forst et al., 2006 [44] | United States | 285 | 28.8% | |||||||||
Franasiak et al., 2012 [45] | United States | 260 | 58.8% | 53.6% | 26.1% | 44.1% | 17.5% | 6.6% | 88.1% | |||
Franasiak et al., 2014 [46] | United States | 42 | 33.3% | 7.1% | 19.1% | 23.8% | 16.7% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 45.2% | ||
Gofrit et al., 2008 [47] | United States | 73 | 19.0% | 14.0% | 19.0% | 17.5% | 9.0% | 10.5% | ||||
Goldstein et al., 2004 [48] | United States | 423 | 16.8% | 29.4% | ||||||||
Hansel et al., 2008 [49] | United States | 71 | 10.4% | 16.7% | 73.6% | |||||||
Ho et al., 2018 [50] | United States | 376 | 73.5% | 52.8% | 63.9% | |||||||
Johnston et al., 2005 [51] | United States | 25 | 69.0% | 68.0% | 55.0% | 48.0% | 54.0% | |||||
Kitzmann et al., 2012 [52] | United States | 94 | 46.0% | 19.0% | 26.0% | 11.0% | 1.0% | 17.0% | ||||
Klein et al., 2015 [53] | United States | 310 | 24.7% | 34.4% | 49.4% | |||||||
Knudsen et al., 2014 [54] | United States | 32 | 59.4% | 35.5% | 54.8% | 34.4% | 3.1% | 19.4% | 9.7% | 22.6% | 22.6% | |
Lee et al., 2017 [55] | United States | 428 | 21.4% | 15.2% | 12.3% | 9.5% | 9.4% | 56.1% | ||||
Liang et al., 2012 [56] | United States | 354 | 65.2% | 53.3% | 63.1% | 61.5% | 13.8% | 36.9% | 24.8% | 20.5% | 45.7% | |
Liberman et al., 2005 [57] | United States | 582 | 11.2% | 44.2% | 39.0% | |||||||
O’Sullivan 2002 [62] | Canada | 122 | 46.0% | 16.0% | 8.0% | 36.0% | 67.0% | |||||
Plerhoples et al., 2012 [20] | United States | 1086 | 44.1% | 41.4% | 44.5% | 33.2% | 8.5% | 16.6% | 10.1% | 15.7% | 5.7% | 69.0% |
Plerhoples et al., 2012 [20] | United States | 1068 | 46.6% | 39.0% | 51.8% | 12.3% | 4.6% | 9.3% | 11.4% | 20.0% | 7.2% | 69.0% |
Sivak-Callcott et al., 2011 [58] | United States | 130 | 58.0% | 31.3% | 26.7% | 72.5% | ||||||
Trejo et al., 2006 [59] | United States | 38 | 65.0% | 48.0% | 55.0% | |||||||
Voss et al., 2016 [3] | United States | 127 | 65.4% | 54.2% | 30.0% | 31.0% | 93.7% | |||||
Wohlauer et al., 2021 [61] | United States | 736 | 24.0% | 22.4% | 44.2% | 4.9% | 20.8% | 76.0% | ||||
Wohlauer et al., 2021 [61] | United States | 736 | 45.2% | 25.1% | 39.0% | 6.3% | 17.9% | 76.0% | ||||
Wolf et al., 2000 [13] | United States | 18 | 28.0% | 17.0% | 11.0% | 67.0% | ||||||
Asia | ||||||||||||
Alnefaie et al., 2019 [37] | Saudi Arabia | 121 | 49.3% | 35.8% | 13.4% | 29.9% | 31.3% | 26.9% | 82.5% | |||
Alnefaie et al., 2019 [37] | Saudi Arabia | 121 | 46.3% | 25.7% | 9.3% | 22.2% | 20.4% | 20.4% | 82.5% | |||
Alshehri 2022 [70] | Saudi Arabia | 104 | 67.3% | 27.8% | 44.2% | 49.0% | 10.5% | 33.6% | 10.5% | 24.0% | 22.10% | 72.7% |
Dabholkar et al., 2015 [4] | India | 75 | 26.6% | 49.3% | 14.6% | 14.6% | 25.3% | 22.6% | 86.0% | |||
Dabholkar et al., 2017 [65] | India | 73 | 41.0% | 37.0% | 32.9% | 16.4% | 9.6% | 23.3% | 5.4% | 87.7% | ||
Dianat et al., 2018 [66] | Iran | 312 | 45.8% | 31.4% | 42.3% | 40.1% | 13.8% | 25.0% | 28.5% | 48.7% | 27.9% | 77.2% |
Hemal et al., 2001 [19] | India | 131 | 13.0% | 18.0% | 15.0% | 16.0% | 7.6% | |||||
Hemal et al., 2001 [19] | India | 73 | 6.0% | 10.2% | 5.4% | 8.6% | 4.2% | |||||
Liang et al., 2013 [63] | China | 241 | 58.1% | 33.6% | 32.0% | 21.6% | ||||||
Mehrifar et al., 2018 [67] | Iran | 40 | 84.6% | 44.1% | 56.8% | 37.4% | 10.0% | 40.0% | 20.0% | 18.0% | 24.0% | 89.2% |
Mirbod et al. 1995 [69] | Japan | 63 | 20.6% | 36.5% | 17.5% | 9.5% | 80.7% | |||||
Mohseni-Bandpei et al., 2011 [68] | Iran | 223 | 71.7% | |||||||||
Rambabu and Suneetha 2014 [23] | India | 100 | 11.0% | 5.0% | 20.0% | 8.0% | 5.0% | 8.0% | 12.0% | 16.0% | 15.0% | 37.0% |
Riaz et al., 2021 [83] | Pakistan | 100 | 37.0% | 21.0% | 45.0% | 35.0% | 5.0% | 22.0% | 9.0% | 10.0% | 18.0% | |
Szeto et al., 2009 [64] | China | 135 | 82.9% | 52.6% | 68.1% | 57.8% | 80.0% | |||||
Tan and Kwek 2020 [26] | Singapore | 56 | 66.1% | 19.5% | 37.0% | 39.3% | 8.5% | 42.9% | 5.0% | 16.5% | 21.0% | 87.5% |
Vaghela et al., 2019 [24] | India | 6.82 | 30.2% | 23.3% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 7.0% | 7.0% | 83.7% | ||
Europe | ||||||||||||
Battevi et al., 2009 [73] | Italy | 176 | 16.9% | 9.0% | 25.8% | |||||||
Cass et al., 2014 [12] | United Kingdom | 128 | 73.4% | 80.5% | 69.5% | 99.0% | ||||||
Giagio et al., 2019 [11] | Italy | 76 | 78.9% | 55.3% | 71.1% | 51.3% | 3.9% | 26.3% | 14.5% | 18.4% | 18.4% | |
Giberti et al., 2014 [74] | Italy | 17 | 29.4% | 5.9% | 41.2% | |||||||
Hyer et al., 2015 [80] | United Kingdom | 518 | 29.6% | 62.4% | ||||||||
Kaya et al., 2008 [79] | Turkey | 82 | 72.0% | |||||||||
Mal and Costello 2002 [16] | United Kingdom | 367 | 24.0% | |||||||||
Matern and Koneczny 2007 [71] | Germany | 425 | 60.0% | 39.0% | ||||||||
Morandeira-Rivas et al., 2012 [75] | Spain | 78 | 55.0% | 52.0% | 50.0% | 22.0% | 81.0% | |||||
Quinn and Moohan 2015 [72] | Ireland | 53 | 41.5% | 28.3% | 28.3% | 43.4% | 15.1% | 20.8% | 37.7% | 20.8% | ||
Rata et al., 2021 [25] | Romania | 95 | 55.8% | 46.3% | 74.7% | 46.3% | 17.7% | 16.8% | 11.6% | 31.6% | 4.2% | 95.8% |
Ruitenburg et al., 2012 [76] | The Netherlands | 295 | 30.2% | 23.4% | 25.8% | 17.3% | ||||||
Sari et al., 2010 [77] | The Netherlands | 55 | 15.0% | 26.0% | 45.0% | 73.0% | ||||||
Stomberg et al., 2010 [21] | Sweden | 101 | 50.0% | 24.0% | 55.0% | 51.0% | 6.0% | 14.0% | 27.0% | 70.0% | ||
Tjiam et al., 2014 [78] | The Netherlands | 285 | 59.3% | 51.2% | 26.0% | 21.4% | 86.0% | |||||
Vijendren et al., 2016 [81] | United Kingdom | 323 | 29.7% | 9.0% | 47.4% | |||||||
Oceania | ||||||||||||
Grant et al., 2020 [84] | Australia | 329 | 59.0% | 38.0% | 55.0% | 75.0% |
1. Were the Aims/Objectives of the Study Clear? | 2. Was the Study Design Appropriate for the Stated Aim(s)? | 3. Was the Sample Size Justified? | 4. Was the Target/Reference Population Clearly Defined? (Is it Clear Who the Research Was About?) | 5. Was the Sample Frame Taken from An appropriate Population Base so that it Closely Represented the Target/Reference Population Under Investigation? | 6. Was the Selection Process Likely to Select Subjects/Participants that Were Representative of the Target/Reference Population Under Investigation? | 7. Were Measures Undertaken to Address and Categorise Non-Responders? | 8. Were the Risk Factor and Outcome Variables Measured Appropriate to the Aims of the Study? | 9. Were the Risk Factor and Outcome Variables Measured Correctly Using Instruments/Measurements that Had Been Trialled, Piloted or Published Previously? | 10. Is it Clear What Was Used to Determined Statistical Significance and/or Precision Estimates? (e.g., p Values, CIs) | 11. Were the Methods (Including Statistical Methods) Sufficiently Described to Enable Them to Be Repeated? | 12. Were the Basic Data Adequately Described? | 13. Does the Response Rate Raise Concerns About Non-Response Bias? | 14. If Appropriate, Was information About Non-Responders Described? | 15. Were the Results Internally Consistent? | 16. Were the Results for the Analyses Described in the Methods, Presented? | 17. Were the Authors’ Discussions and Conclusions Justified by the Results? | 18. Were the Limitations of the Study Discussed? | 19. Were There Any Funding Sources or Conflicts of Interest That May Affect the Authors’ Interpretation of The Results? * | 20. Was Ethical Approval or Consent of Participants Attained? | Yes | No | Yes (%) | Risk of Biais | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adams et al., 2013 [10] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Alnefaie et al., 2019 [37] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Alqhatani et al., 2022 [18] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Alshehri 2022 [70] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Alzahrani et al., 2016 [38] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Auerbach et al., 2011 [15] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Battevi et al., 2009 [73] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 14 | 5 | 79% | Medium |
Berguer 1998 [7] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 14 | 5 | 79% | Medium |
Bolduc-Beguin et al., 2017 [60] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Buschbacher 1994 [39] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Capone et al., 2010 [17] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Cass et al., 2014 [12] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Cavanagh et al., 2012 [40] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Cohen-Rosenblum et al., 2022 [14] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Dabholkar et al., 2015 [4] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Dabholkar et al., 2017 [65] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Davis et al., 2013 [41] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Davis et al., 2014 [22] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 14 | 5 | 79% | Medium |
Dhimitri et al., 2005 [42] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Diaconita et al., 2019 [61] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Dianat et al., 2018 [66] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Esser et al., 2007 [43] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 14 | 5 | 79% | Medium |
Forst et al., 2006 [44] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Franasiak et al., 2012 [45] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Franasiak et al., 2014 [46] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Giagio et al., 2019 [11] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 17 | 2 | 95% | Low |
Giberti et al., 2014 [74] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Gofrit et al., 2008 [47] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Goldstein et al., 2004 [48] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Grant et al., 2020 [84] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 17 | 2 | 95% | Low |
Hansel et al., 2008 [49] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Hemal et al., 2001 [19] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Ho et al., 2018 [50] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Hyer et al., 2015 [80] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Johnston et al., 2005 [51] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Kaya et al., 2008 [79] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 14 | 5 | 79% | Medium |
Kitzmann et al., 2012 [52] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Klein et al., 2015 [53] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Knudsen et al., 2014 [54] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Lee et al., 2017 [55] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Liang et al., 2012 [56] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Liang et al., 2013 [63] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Liberman et al., 2005 [57] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Mal and Costello 2002 [16] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Matern and Koneczny 2007 [71] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 14 | 5 | 79% | Medium |
Mehrifar et al., 2015 [67] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 14 | 5 | 79% | Medium |
Mirbod et al. 1995 [69] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Mohseni-Bandpei et al., 2011 [68] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Morandeira-Rivas et al., 2012 [75] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
O’Sullivan 2002 [62] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Plerhoples et al., 2012 [20] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Quinn and Moohan 2015 [72] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Rambabu and Suneetha 2014 [23] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Rata et al., 2021 [25] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Riaz et al., 2021 [83] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 17 | 2 | 95% | Low |
Ruitenburg et al., 2012 [76] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Sari et al., 2010 [77] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Sivak-Callcott et al., 2011 [58] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Stomberg et al., 2010 [21] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Szeto et al., 2009 [64] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Tan and Kwek 2020 [26] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Tjiam et al., 2014 [78] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Trejo et al., 2006 [59] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Vaghela et al., 2019 [24] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Vijendren et al., 2016 [81] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Voss et al., 2016 [3] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Wohlauer et al., 2021 [36] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 16 | 3 | 89% | Low |
Wolf et al., 2000 [13] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 15 | 4 | 84% | Low |
Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Neck | Europe (48.8%) | Asia (41.5%) | America (40.2%) |
Upper back | Europe (36.5%) | Asia (29.0%) | America (28.9%) |
Lower back | Asia (45.4%) | Europe (39.6%) | America (38.2%) |
Shoulder | Europe (42.7%) | America (30.3%) | Asia (28.1%) |
Elbow | America (13.9%) | Europe (12.6%) | Asia (9.0%) |
Wrist | Europe (26.7%) | America (25.2%) | Asia (21.4%) |
Hip | Asia (12.1%) | America (7.7%) | - |
Knee | Europe (23.8%) | Asia (17.8%) | America (12.8%) |
Ankle | Asia (20.1%) | Europe (13.5%) | America (12.4%) |
Overall | Asia (77.6%) | Europe (73.1%) | America (62.8%) |
Rank | America | Asia | Europe |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Neck (40.2%) | Lower back (45.4%) | Neck (48.8%) |
2 | Lower back (38.2%) | Neck (41.5%) | Shoulder (42.7%) |
3 | Shoulder (30.3%) | Upper back (29.0%) | Lower back (39.6%) |
4 | Upper back (28.9%) | Shoulder (28.1%) | Upper back (36.5%) |
5 | Wrist (25.2%) | Wrist (21.4%) | Wrist (26.7%) |
6 | Elbow (13.9%) | Ankle (20.1%) | Knee (23.8%) |
7 | Knee (12.8%) | Knee (17.8%) | Ankle (13.5%) |
8 | Ankle (12.4%) | Hip (12.1%) | Elbow (12.6%) |
9 | Hip (7.7%) | Elbow (9.0%) | - |
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Gorce, P.; Jacquier-Bret, J. Continental Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevalence Among Surgeons: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2025, 10, 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10020221
Gorce P, Jacquier-Bret J. Continental Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevalence Among Surgeons: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2025; 10(2):221. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10020221
Chicago/Turabian StyleGorce, Philippe, and Julien Jacquier-Bret. 2025. "Continental Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevalence Among Surgeons: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 10, no. 2: 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10020221
APA StyleGorce, P., & Jacquier-Bret, J. (2025). Continental Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevalence Among Surgeons: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 10(2), 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10020221