The Midwifery Student’s Observations about the Implementation of International Guidelines and Protocols in Greek Maternity Hospitals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Data and Measures
- (a)
- Demographic characteristics. This section of the questionnaire includes questions about the student’s demographics, gender, age, university, current semester of study, and the type of hospital (general or university) internship or clinical practice;
- (b)
- Introductory questions. General questions are included in this section. Two multiple-choice questions with more than one answer, 1 multiple choice question and linear scale questions 8 “from 1 (never) to 5 (always) how often do you notice the presence of a companion during childbirth” and 9 “from 1 (never) to 5 (always) how often midwives carry out childbirth on their own”;
- (c)
- Guidelines for the 1st and 2nd stages of delivery. Specifically, it contains 9 multiple choice questions and 6 linear scale questions 13 “from 1 (never) to 5 (always) how often do you observe continuous cardiotocography in low-risk women”, 17 “from 1 (never) to 5 always which methods of analgesia (epidural analgesia, opioids, nitrous oxide, relaxation techniques, water, hypnosis, change in position, movement) are observed to be used more often”, 20 “from 1 (never) to 5 (always) how often is labor induced over 41 weeks of pregnancy”, 21 “from 1 (never) to 5 (always) how often do you notice induction of labor below 41 weeks in low and high risk of pregnancy”, 22 “from 1 (never) to 5 (always) how often do you observe childbirth in different positions besides the supine gynecological position”and 24 “from 1 (never) to 5 (always) how often are the following techniques used (perineal massage, hot compresses, perineal support, perineotomy) to avoid perineal ruptures”;
- (d)
- Guidelines for the 3rd stage of delivery and neonate care. This section of the questionnaire included the guidelines for the 3rd and 4th stages of labor, and there are 10 multiple choice and 1 linear question from the newborn’s nasopharynx immediately after birth.
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gender | Age | Frequency |
---|---|---|
Man | >30 | 0 |
Woman | >30 | 6 |
Man | 21–25 | 1 |
woman | 21–25 | 106 |
Man | 25–30 | 0 |
woman | 25–30 | 11 |
n = 124 | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|
% YES | ||
Grooming before | 79% (70–85%) | <0.0001 |
Enema before | 85% (78–91%) | <0.0001 |
Feeding/per os liquids | 13% (7.5–20%) | <0.0001 |
Encouraging position change | 56% (47–65%) | 0.1777 |
Encouraging pushing | 44% (35–53%) | 0.1777 |
Pressure at uterus bottom to accelerate 2nd stage labor | 80% (71–86%) | <0.0001 |
Contact with mother—1st breastfeeding | 52% (43–61%) | 0.52 |
Vitamin K to neonate | 93% (87–97%) | <0.0001 |
Preventive antibiotics | 46% (37%-55%) | 0.42 |
Antibiotics following episiotomy | 71% (62–79%) | <0.0001 |
Close follow-up of postpartum | 80% (72–87%) | <0.0001 |
Administration of uterotonic drugs to avoid hemorrhage | 97% (93–99%) | <0.0001 |
Always the same person for vaginal examination | 11% (6–18%) | <0.0001 |
% Never-Rarely | ||
---|---|---|
Companion | 81% (73–88%) | <0.0001 |
Midwives perform normal childbirth | 90% (82–94%) | <0.0001 |
Continuous cardiotocography at low-risk pregnancy | 7% (3–13%) | <0.0001 |
Labor induction >41 weeks | 32% (24–41%) | <0.0001 |
Labour in different posture | 96% (91–99%) | <0.0001 |
Aspiration of secretions in neonates | 38% (30–47%) | 0.011 |
Difference between low-risk and high-risk groups for labor induction | Low-risk: Frequently High-risk: Quite frequently | 0.02 |
More frequent analgesia method: epidural | 43% | <0.0001 |
More frequent technique to avoid perineal rupture: episiotomy | 56% | <0.0001 |
Midwives offer more frequently: support | 28% | 0.63 |
Factors affecting protocol application: staff and time | 34% | 0.0003 |
Vaginal examination: every 2 h | 48% | <0.0001 |
Placenta delivery actively | 35% (26–44%) | 0.0008 |
Placenta delivery actively with manipulations | 40% | 0.24 |
Umbilical cord ligation immediately after birth: | 76% (67–83%) | <0.0001 |
First bath: after 24 h | 68% | <0.0001 |
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Orovou, E.; Ymeraj, M.; Lilo, M.; Antoniou, E. The Midwifery Student’s Observations about the Implementation of International Guidelines and Protocols in Greek Maternity Hospitals. Sexes 2022, 3, 244-253. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes3020019
Orovou E, Ymeraj M, Lilo M, Antoniou E. The Midwifery Student’s Observations about the Implementation of International Guidelines and Protocols in Greek Maternity Hospitals. Sexes. 2022; 3(2):244-253. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes3020019
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrovou, Eirini, Marinela Ymeraj, Marsida Lilo, and Evangelia Antoniou. 2022. "The Midwifery Student’s Observations about the Implementation of International Guidelines and Protocols in Greek Maternity Hospitals" Sexes 3, no. 2: 244-253. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes3020019