Project SWITCH Study Protocol: A Tobacco-Free Workplace Program for Dissemination and Implementation in Lung Cancer Screening Centers
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Institutional Approvals and Funding
2.2. The Intervention’s Core Components
2.3. Participatory Approach to Adaptation and Implementation
2.3.1. Proactive Modifications
2.3.2. Reactive Modifications
2.4. Goals and Objectives
2.4.1. Goal 1 Objectives: Adaptation of Materials and Methods
2.4.2. Goal 2 Objectives: Implementation
2.4.3. Goal 3 Objectives: Dissemination
2.5. Study Design
2.5.1. Center Recruitment and Enrollment
2.5.2. Study Participants
2.5.3. Implementation Process for Participating Centers
2.5.4. Data Collection from Participating Centers
2.5.5. Dissemination Process (Goal 3)
2.6. Data Management and Analysis
2.6.1. Qualitative Procedures
2.6.2. Quantitative Procedures
2.6.3. Mixed Methods Integration
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Implementation Objectives | Measurements | Operationalization (Desired Outcomes) |
---|---|---|
Penetration | Study team records | ≥1 tobacco treatment specialist |
≥1 tobacco treatment training | ||
≥80% of center personnel educated | ||
Pre- and post-training tests | ≥20% knowledge increase | |
Fidelity | Study team records | Center retainment |
Post-implementation surveys | Delivery of behavioral tobacco interventions to all people who currently/previously smoked | |
Sustainment * | Program champion report | ≥1 new staff completes the pre-recorded training |
>0 monthly NRT distribution | ||
Consistent delivery of behavioral tobacco interventions to all people who currently/previously smoked |
Implementation Process Components ∇ | Process Objectives | |
---|---|---|
E | Conduct pre-implementation quantitative assessments of stakeholders (leadership, providers, other staff) | Establish a baseline for enrolled centers regarding training, knowledge, interventions, implementation concerns, etc., and patient demographics and smoking status |
E | Conduct pre-implementation qualitative assessments of stakeholders (leadership, staff, patients) | Understand centers’ current practices, barriers, and assets to implementation; guide the adaptation of culturally informed interventions within centers |
E | Create implementation plan/vision for center-specific rollout timeline | Negotiate and set an implementation timeline with concrete steps for completion |
P (E) | Review Memorandum of Understanding with center leadership | Achieve mutual understanding and buy-in for process, timeline, and expectations |
P | Select program “champions” (>1 person per clinic) with center leadership | Secure cooperation for implementation and assessment procedure execution |
P (S) | Ensure sufficiency of tobacco-free workplace policy and enforcement | Establish/verify/refresh an enforceable tobacco-free workplace policy and publicize it broadly |
P (I) | Conduct visits (and provide technical assistance) throughout implementation | Build and nurture partnership via presence/contact; achieve technical problem-solving |
I (S) | Sponsor center champions to become Tobacco Treatment Specialists | Embed specialized knowledge into the center; equip champions to lead future in-center training provision |
I (S) | Champions (with or observed by study staff) provide education about tobacco treatment to center providers | Increase knowledge about how to provide smoking cessation and relapse prevention interventions on site; train-the-trainer for center-led trainings |
I | Study staff provide specialized training with intervention roleplay to champions and providers (collaborative learning) | Convey and facilitate replicable smoking cessation behavioral treatment skills with culturally- and trauma-informed approaches |
I | Study staff check in regularly with program champions to discuss the implementation process and advise on challenges that arise | Understand implementation processes and opportunities for improvement; advance intervention fit |
I (S) | Change systems to facilitate regular and sufficient treatment for smoking | Integrate processes into systems for conducting and documenting regular intervention provision |
I (S) | Design and provide passive dissemination materials for patients and providers | Enhance stakeholders’ expectations for assistance and resource knowledge; ease implementation |
I (S) | Design, supply, and install tobacco-free signage with consultation of center | Support the messaging of a tobacco-free workplace; empower community policy enforcement |
I | Supply a “starter kit” of NRT with dispensation record planning | Make evidence-based medications for cessation available to staff and patients to decrease barriers to care and enhance cessation |
I | Conduct post-implementation quantitative assessments of stakeholders | Gather data on implementation to evaluate program penetration, fidelity, sustainment, etc. |
I | Conduct post-implementation qualitative assessments of stakeholders | Gather data on implementation to evaluate program penetration, fidelity, sustainment, etc. |
S | Work with leadership to budget/obtain funding for additional NRT | Sustain availability and ease of access to medications to address tobacco use |
S | Provide continuing education information regularly (e.g., newsletters, weekly email) | Equip providers to sustain/reinforce knowledge through free CEU/CME-associated trainings |
S | Prepare center with implementation feedback and suggestions to sustain and enhance policy/practice gains | Provide pre- to post-implementation evaluation results; help equip for practice facilitation through attention to quality improvement opportunities |
S | Provide continued support to partner centers | Ensure availability of all reference materials on website; provide technical assistance as needed |
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Siddiqi, A.D.; Britton, M.; Martinez Leal, I.; Taing, M.; Chen, T.A.; Lowenstein, L.M.; Minnix, J.A.; Reitzel, L.R. Project SWITCH Study Protocol: A Tobacco-Free Workplace Program for Dissemination and Implementation in Lung Cancer Screening Centers. Methods Protoc. 2025, 8, 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps8040070
Siddiqi AD, Britton M, Martinez Leal I, Taing M, Chen TA, Lowenstein LM, Minnix JA, Reitzel LR. Project SWITCH Study Protocol: A Tobacco-Free Workplace Program for Dissemination and Implementation in Lung Cancer Screening Centers. Methods and Protocols. 2025; 8(4):70. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps8040070
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiddiqi, Ammar D., Maggie Britton, Isabel Martinez Leal, Matthew Taing, Tzuan A. Chen, Lisa M. Lowenstein, Jennifer A. Minnix, and Lorraine R. Reitzel. 2025. "Project SWITCH Study Protocol: A Tobacco-Free Workplace Program for Dissemination and Implementation in Lung Cancer Screening Centers" Methods and Protocols 8, no. 4: 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps8040070
APA StyleSiddiqi, A. D., Britton, M., Martinez Leal, I., Taing, M., Chen, T. A., Lowenstein, L. M., Minnix, J. A., & Reitzel, L. R. (2025). Project SWITCH Study Protocol: A Tobacco-Free Workplace Program for Dissemination and Implementation in Lung Cancer Screening Centers. Methods and Protocols, 8(4), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps8040070