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Tomography
Volume 6
Issue 1
10.18383/j.tom.2020.00022
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Tomography is published by MDPI from Volume 7 Issue 1 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Grapho, LLC.
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Communication

Sex Differences in Kidney Function and Metabolism Assessed Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate Interleaved Spectroscopy and Nonspecific Imaging

by
Yibo Wen
1,2,
Haiyun Qi
1,
Christian Østergaard Mariager
1,
Per Mose Nielsen
1,
Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
1,
Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
1 and
Christoffer Laustsen
1,*
1
MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
2
The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Tomography 2020, 6(1), 5-13; https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2020.00022
Submission received: 10 December 2019 / Revised: 8 January 2020 / Accepted: 5 February 2020 / Published: 1 March 2020
Versions Notes

Abstract

Metabolic sex differences have recently been shown to be particularly important in tailoring treatment strategies. Sex has a major effect on fat turnover rates and plasma lipid delivery in the body. Differences in kidney structure and transporters between male and female animals have been found. Here we investigated sex-specific renal pyruvate metabolic flux and whole-kidney functional status in age-matched healthy Wistar rats. Blood oxygenation level–dependent and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to assess functional status. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was used to assess the metabolic differences between male and female rats. Female rats had a 41% ± 3% and 41% ± 5% lower absolute body and kidney weight, respectively, than age-matched male rats. No difference was seen between age-matched male and female rats in the kidney-to-body weight ratio. A 56% ± 11% lower lactate production per mL/100 mL/min was found in female rats than in age-matched male rats measured by hyperpolarized magnetic resonance and DCE MRI. Female rats had a 33% ± 11% higher glomerular filtration rate than age-matched male rats measured by DCE MRI. A similar renal oxygen tension (T2*) was found between age-matched male and female rats as shown by blood oxygenation level–dependent MRI. The results were largely independent of the pyruvate volume and the difference in body weight. This study shows an existing metabolic difference between kidneys in age-matched male and female rats, which indicates that sex differences need to be considered when performing animal experiments.
Keywords: MRI; sex; kidney; renal metabolism; hyperpolarization; BSSFP; spectroscopy MRI; sex; kidney; renal metabolism; hyperpolarization; BSSFP; spectroscopy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wen, Y.; Qi, H.; Mariager, C.Ø.; Nielsen, P.M.; Bertelsen, L.B.; Stødkilde-Jørgensen, H.; Laustsen, C. Sex Differences in Kidney Function and Metabolism Assessed Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate Interleaved Spectroscopy and Nonspecific Imaging. Tomography 2020, 6, 5-13. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2020.00022

AMA Style

Wen Y, Qi H, Mariager CØ, Nielsen PM, Bertelsen LB, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Laustsen C. Sex Differences in Kidney Function and Metabolism Assessed Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate Interleaved Spectroscopy and Nonspecific Imaging. Tomography. 2020; 6(1):5-13. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2020.00022

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wen, Yibo, Haiyun Qi, Christian Østergaard Mariager, Per Mose Nielsen, Lotte Bonde Bertelsen, Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen, and Christoffer Laustsen. 2020. "Sex Differences in Kidney Function and Metabolism Assessed Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate Interleaved Spectroscopy and Nonspecific Imaging" Tomography 6, no. 1: 5-13. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2020.00022

APA Style

Wen, Y., Qi, H., Mariager, C. Ø., Nielsen, P. M., Bertelsen, L. B., Stødkilde-Jørgensen, H., & Laustsen, C. (2020). Sex Differences in Kidney Function and Metabolism Assessed Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate Interleaved Spectroscopy and Nonspecific Imaging. Tomography, 6(1), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2020.00022

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