Combining Transarterial Embolization and Percutaneous Cryoablation for Early-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma: Embolization Materials and Impacts of Tumor Size
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. TAE Technique
2.3. PCA Technique
2.4. Imaging and Laboratory Examination
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients
3.2. Transarterial Embolization
3.3. Percutaneous Cryoablation
3.4. Laboratory Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sex, M/F | 18/9 |
Patient age a | 74 (16) |
Tumor side (right/left) b | 14/14 |
Tumor size (mm) a | 24.8 (7.2) |
Embolization with absolute ethanol and iodized oil | 14 (F/M = 6/8) |
Embolization with gelatin sponge and iodized oil | 13 (F/M = 3/10) |
Total RCC (n = 28) | Absolute Ethanol and Iodized Oil (n = 15) a | Gelatin Sponge and Iodized Oil (n = 13) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tumor size (mm) b | 24.8 (7.2) | 23.9 (7.5) | 25.7 (7.5) | NS |
Operative time (min) b | 71.4 (33.2) | 81.7 (39.0) | 60.4 (20.3) | NS |
Number of patients who complained of pain during the procedure | 3 | 3 | 0 | <0.05 (0.038) |
Iodized oil accumulation b,c | 2.1 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.6) | 2.6 (0.6) | <0.01 (0.002) |
Vascularity (hyper/hypo) | 24/4 | 12/3 | 12/1 | NS |
Clinical Characteristic | p Value a | |
---|---|---|
Operative time (min) b | 172.4 (42.0) | - |
Tumor location (upper/middle/lower kidney) | 6/14/8 | NS |
Hydrodissection (implemented/not implemented) | 22/6 | NS |
Iodized oil accumulation by TAE (poor/fair/good) | 6/12/10 | NS |
Vascularity on TAE (hyper/hypo) | 24/4 | NS |
Embolic material (absolute ethanol/gelatin sponge) | 15/13 | NS |
Operative Time/Options | Correlation Coefficient (ρ) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
TAE | Operative time | −0.09 | NS (0.64) |
PCA | Operative time | 0.55 | <0.01 (0.002) |
Total number of cryoneedles | 0.78 | <0.0001 |
Pre-TAE | Post-PCA | Change Between Pre-TAE and Post-PCA | Absolute Ethanol and Iodized Oil | Gelatin Sponge and Iodized Oil | p Value d | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRP (mg/dL) (n = 26) a,b | 0.23 (0.56) | 2.69 (2.75) | 2.46 (2.65) ↑ (p < 0.0001) | 3.37 (3.32) ↑ (n = 14) | 1.40 (0.50) ↑ (n = 12) | NS |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) (n = 28) b,c | 47.2 (22.1) | 44.6 (22.8) | 2.6 (8.1) ↓ (NS, p = 0.05) | 1.8 (9.7) ↓ (n = 15) | 3.5 (5.5) ↓ (n = 13) | NS |
Hb (g/dL) (n = 28) b,c | 13.0 (1.9) | 12.4 (2.1) | 0.6 (0.8) ↓ (p < 0.001) | 0.7 (0.9) ↓ (n = 15) | 0.4 (0.6) ↓ (n = 13) | NS |
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Terauchi, M.; Yamashiro, T.; Sawamura, S.; Koyama, S.; Nakaigawa, N.; Kondo, K.; Hasumi, H.; Makiyama, K.; Utsunomiya, D. Combining Transarterial Embolization and Percutaneous Cryoablation for Early-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma: Embolization Materials and Impacts of Tumor Size. Tomography 2024, 10, 1767-1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography10110130
Terauchi M, Yamashiro T, Sawamura S, Koyama S, Nakaigawa N, Kondo K, Hasumi H, Makiyama K, Utsunomiya D. Combining Transarterial Embolization and Percutaneous Cryoablation for Early-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma: Embolization Materials and Impacts of Tumor Size. Tomography. 2024; 10(11):1767-1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography10110130
Chicago/Turabian StyleTerauchi, Miki, Tsuneo Yamashiro, Shungo Sawamura, Shingo Koyama, Noboru Nakaigawa, Keiichi Kondo, Hisashi Hasumi, Kazuhide Makiyama, and Daisuke Utsunomiya. 2024. "Combining Transarterial Embolization and Percutaneous Cryoablation for Early-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma: Embolization Materials and Impacts of Tumor Size" Tomography 10, no. 11: 1767-1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography10110130
APA StyleTerauchi, M., Yamashiro, T., Sawamura, S., Koyama, S., Nakaigawa, N., Kondo, K., Hasumi, H., Makiyama, K., & Utsunomiya, D. (2024). Combining Transarterial Embolization and Percutaneous Cryoablation for Early-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma: Embolization Materials and Impacts of Tumor Size. Tomography, 10(11), 1767-1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography10110130