An Adaptable Capacity Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on a Constructed Open Circuit Voltage Curve

Zhang, Linjing; Su, Xiaoqian; Zhang, Caiping; Wang, Yubin; Wang, Yao; Zhu, Tao; Fan, Xinyuan

doi:10.3390/batteries11070265

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Open AccessArticle

An Adaptable Capacity Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on a Constructed Open Circuit Voltage Curve

by

Linjing Zhang

,

Xiaoqian Su

,

Caiping Zhang

^*,

Yubin Wang

,

Yao Wang

,

Tao Zhu

and

Xinyuan Fan

National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Batteries 2025, 11(7), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11070265 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 17 June 2025 / Revised: 9 July 2025 / Accepted: 12 July 2025 / Published: 14 July 2025

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Abstract

The inevitable decline in battery performance presents a major barrier to its widespread industrial application. Adaptive and accurate estimation of battery capacity is paramount for battery operation, maintenance, and residual value evaluation. In this paper, we propose a novel battery capacity estimation method based on an approximate open circuit voltage curve. The proposed method is rigorously tested using both lithium–iron–phosphate (LFP) and nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM) battery packs at multiple charging rates under varied aging conditions. To further enhance capacity estimation accuracy, a voltage correction strategy is implemented utilizing the incremental capacity (IC) curve. This strategy also verifies the potential benefits of increasing the charging rate to shorten the overall test duration. Eventually, the capacity estimation error is consistently controlled within 2%. With optimal state of charge (SOC) interval selection, the estimation error can be further reduced to 1%. Clearly, our proposed method exhibits excellent compatibility across diverse battery materials and degradation states. This adaptability holds substantial scientific value and practical importance. It contributes to the safe and economic utilization of Li-ion batteries throughout their entire lifespan.

Keywords: lithium-ion battery; capacity estimation; open circuit voltage curve; lithium–iron–phosphate battery; nickel–cobalt–manganese battery; residual value evaluation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, L.; Su, X.; Zhang, C.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, T.; Fan, X. An Adaptable Capacity Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on a Constructed Open Circuit Voltage Curve. Batteries 2025, 11, 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11070265

AMA Style

Zhang L, Su X, Zhang C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhu T, Fan X. An Adaptable Capacity Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on a Constructed Open Circuit Voltage Curve. Batteries. 2025; 11(7):265. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11070265

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Linjing, Xiaoqian Su, Caiping Zhang, Yubin Wang, Yao Wang, Tao Zhu, and Xinyuan Fan. 2025. "An Adaptable Capacity Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on a Constructed Open Circuit Voltage Curve" Batteries 11, no. 7: 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11070265

APA Style

Zhang, L., Su, X., Zhang, C., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhu, T., & Fan, X. (2025). An Adaptable Capacity Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on a Constructed Open Circuit Voltage Curve. Batteries, 11(7), 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11070265

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An Adaptable Capacity Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on a Constructed Open Circuit Voltage Curve

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