Volatiles of Zanthoxylum limoncello as Antifungal Agents against the Postharvest Rot of Manzano Pepper Triggered by Fusarium temperatum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Obtainment of Zanthoxylum limoncello Leaf Essential Oil
2.3. GC Profiling of Zanthoxylum limoncello Essential Oil (ZlEO)
2.4. Isolation of F. temperatum from Manzano Peppers
2.5. Antifungal Assays
2.6. Determination of pH and Fruit Firmness
2.7. Proximate Analysis and Ascorbic Acid Determination
2.8. Determination of Carotenoids in Manzano Peppers
2.9. Determination of Capsaicinoids in Manzano Peppers
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Essential Oil Composition and In Vitro Antifungal Activity
3.2. In Situ Antifungal Activity of ZlEO and Its Major Volatiles
3.3. Protective Effect of ZlEO and Its Volatiles on Fruit Firmness and pH
3.4. Protective Effect of ZlEO and Its Volatiles on the Nutritional Content of Manzano Pepper
3.5. Protective Effect of ZlEO and Its Volatiles on the Nutraceutical Content of Manzano Pepper
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peak Number | Compound | RI | 1TRI | Abundance (%) | +Concentration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1-Hexen-3-ol | 768 | 769 | 1.4 | ND |
2 | Camphene | 946 | 946 | 1.8 | ND |
3 | 1-Octanal | 996 | 998 | 1.1 | ND |
4 | β-Ocimene, (E)- | 1042 | 1044 | 2.0 | ND |
5 | 2-Nonanone | 1088 | 1087 | 2.3 | ND |
6 | * Linalool | 1095 | 1095 | 1.3 | 23.1 |
7 | Nonanal | 1102 | 1100 | 1.9 | ND |
8 | 2-decanone | 1190 | 1190 | 1.5 | ND |
9 | * 1-Decanal | 1203 | 1201 | 2.8 | 63.6 |
10 | (2E)-Decenal | 1258 | 1260 | 1.1 | ND |
11 | * 2-Undecanone | 1292 | 1293 | 34.0 | 313.9 |
12 | Undecanal | 1306 | 1035 | 1.3 | ND |
13 | * 2-Undecenal | 1362 | 1357 | 32.0 | 276.5 |
14 | * 2-Dodecenal | 1454 | 1454 | 8.4 | 128.2 |
15 | 2-Tridecanone | 1493 | 1495 | 2.9 | ND |
Total | 95.8 |
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Romero-Arenas, O.; Pérez-Vázquez, M.A.K.; Rivera, A.; Pacheco-Hernández, Y.; Ramirez-Garcia, S.A.; Landeta-Cortés, G.; Villa-Ruano, N. Volatiles of Zanthoxylum limoncello as Antifungal Agents against the Postharvest Rot of Manzano Pepper Triggered by Fusarium temperatum. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080700
Romero-Arenas O, Pérez-Vázquez MAK, Rivera A, Pacheco-Hernández Y, Ramirez-Garcia SA, Landeta-Cortés G, Villa-Ruano N. Volatiles of Zanthoxylum limoncello as Antifungal Agents against the Postharvest Rot of Manzano Pepper Triggered by Fusarium temperatum. Horticulturae. 2022; 8(8):700. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080700
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomero-Arenas, Omar, Marco A. Kevin Pérez-Vázquez, Antonio Rivera, Yesenia Pacheco-Hernández, Sergio Alberto Ramirez-Garcia, Gerardo Landeta-Cortés, and Nemesio Villa-Ruano. 2022. "Volatiles of Zanthoxylum limoncello as Antifungal Agents against the Postharvest Rot of Manzano Pepper Triggered by Fusarium temperatum" Horticulturae 8, no. 8: 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080700