Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs: Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. ncRNA and Exosomes: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy
2.1. siRNA
2.2. miRNA
2.3. lncRNA
3. Exosomal ncRNAs as Biomarkers in Cancer
3.1. Diagnostic Markers
3.2. Prognostic Markers
4. Concluding Remarks
Study | System | Source of Exosomes | ncRNA Candidates | Biomarker Potential |
---|---|---|---|---|
Taylor DD et al., [65] | Ovarian cancer | Serum | miR-21; miR-141; miR-200a; miR-200b; miR-200c; miR-203; miR-205; miR-214 | Exosomal miRNAs distinguish benign from malignant disease |
Skog J et al., [6] | GBM | Serum | miR-21 | Differential miRNA expression in serum exosomes from GBM patients vs. normal control subjects |
Manterola et al., [70] | GBM | Serum | miR-320; miR-574-3p | Exosomal miRNAs may distinguish patients with GBM from normal control subjects |
Ogata-Kawata et al., [71] | CRC | Serum | let-7a, miR-1229, miR-1246, miR-150, miR-21, miR-223, and miR-23a | Exosomal miRNAs distinguish patients with CRC from normal control subjects |
Wang J et al., [73] | Laryngeal SCC | Serum | miR-21; HOTAIR | Exosomal ncRNAs distinguish benign from malignant laryngeal disease. Small but statistically significant differences in expression observed in tumors of progressive pathological stage |
Rodriguez M et al., [62] | Non-Small cell lung cancer | Serum | miR-16; miR-20a; miR-195; let-7a; miR-223; miR-21; let-7b; miR-106b; miR-92a; let-7g | Close homology in exosomal miRNA content in serum and bronchial secretions; and between samples from patients with benign and malignant lung pathology. |
Bronchial secretions | miR-21; let-7b; miR-200c; miR-92a; miR-222; miR-26a; miR-141; let-7a; miR-29c; miR-24 | |||
Liu J et al., [76] | Cervical cancer | Cervicovaginal secretions | miR-21; miR-146a | Exosomal miRNA candidates elevated in cervical cancer compared with healthy HPV +ve and −ve control subjects |
Huang X et al., [77] | Prostate cancer | Serum | miR-1290; miR-375 | Exosomal miRNAs associated with poor overall survival in castration resistant disease |
Eichelser, C et al., [78] | Breast cancer | Serum | miR-373 | Exosomal miRNA associated with more aggressive breast cancer phenotypes |
Sugimachi et al., [79] | HCC | Serum | miR-718; miR-1246 | Exosomal miRNA expression in combination with other clinicopathological parameters associated with progression free survival |
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bullock, M.D.; Silva, A.M.; Kanlikilicer-Unaldi, P.; Filant, J.; Rashed, M.H.; Sood, A.K.; Lopez-Berestein, G.; Calin, G.A. Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs: Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer. Non-Coding RNA 2015, 1, 53-68. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna1010053
Bullock MD, Silva AM, Kanlikilicer-Unaldi P, Filant J, Rashed MH, Sood AK, Lopez-Berestein G, Calin GA. Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs: Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer. Non-Coding RNA. 2015; 1(1):53-68. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna1010053
Chicago/Turabian StyleBullock, Marc D., Andreia M. Silva, Pinar Kanlikilicer-Unaldi, Justyna Filant, Mohammed H. Rashed, Anil K. Sood, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, and George A. Calin. 2015. "Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs: Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer" Non-Coding RNA 1, no. 1: 53-68. https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna1010053