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Article

Injectable Methacrylated Gelatin Hydrogel for Safe Sodium Hypochlorite Delivery in Endodontics

by
Renan Dal-Fabbro
1,†,
Yu-Chi Huang
1,†,
Priscila T. A. Toledo
1,2,
Leticia C. Capalbo
1,
Rhima M. Coleman
3,4,
Hajime Sasaki
1,
J. Christopher Fenno
5 and
Marco C. Bottino
1,3,*
1
Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
2
Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Aracatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
3
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
5
Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Gels 2023, 9(11), 897; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9110897
Submission received: 11 October 2023 / Revised: 11 November 2023 / Accepted: 12 November 2023 / Published: 13 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designing Antimicrobial Hydrogels for Local Application)
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Abstract

Keeping sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) within the root canal is challenging in regenerative endodontics. In this study, we developed a drug delivery system using a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel incorporated with aluminosilicate clay nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with NaOCl. Pure GelMA, pure HNTs, and NaOCl-loaded HNTs carrying varying concentrations were assessed for chemo-mechanical properties, degradability, swelling capacity, cytocompatibility, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, and in vivo for inflammatory response and degradation. SEM images revealed consistent pore sizes of 70–80 µm for all samples, irrespective of the HNT and NaOCl concentration, while HNT-loaded hydrogels exhibited rougher surfaces. The hydrogel’s compressive modulus remained between 100 and 200 kPa, with no significant variations. All hydrogels demonstrated a 6–7-fold mass increase and complete degradation by the seventh day. Despite an initial decrease in cell viability, all groups recovered to 65–80% compared to the control. Regarding antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, 12.5 HNT(Double) showed the highest inhibition zone on agar plates and the most significant reduction in biofilm compared to other groups. In vivo, the 12.5 HNT(Double) group displayed partial degradation after 21 days, with mild localized inflammatory responses but no tissue necrosis. In conclusion, the HNT-NaOCl-loaded GelMA hydrogel retains the disinfectant properties, providing a safer option for endodontic procedures without harmful potential.
Keywords: regenerative endodontics; sodium hypochlorite; infection; hydrogel; drug delivery; dentistry regenerative endodontics; sodium hypochlorite; infection; hydrogel; drug delivery; dentistry
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MDPI and ACS Style

Dal-Fabbro, R.; Huang, Y.-C.; Toledo, P.T.A.; Capalbo, L.C.; Coleman, R.M.; Sasaki, H.; Fenno, J.C.; Bottino, M.C. Injectable Methacrylated Gelatin Hydrogel for Safe Sodium Hypochlorite Delivery in Endodontics. Gels 2023, 9, 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9110897

AMA Style

Dal-Fabbro R, Huang Y-C, Toledo PTA, Capalbo LC, Coleman RM, Sasaki H, Fenno JC, Bottino MC. Injectable Methacrylated Gelatin Hydrogel for Safe Sodium Hypochlorite Delivery in Endodontics. Gels. 2023; 9(11):897. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9110897

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dal-Fabbro, Renan, Yu-Chi Huang, Priscila T. A. Toledo, Leticia C. Capalbo, Rhima M. Coleman, Hajime Sasaki, J. Christopher Fenno, and Marco C. Bottino. 2023. "Injectable Methacrylated Gelatin Hydrogel for Safe Sodium Hypochlorite Delivery in Endodontics" Gels 9, no. 11: 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9110897

APA Style

Dal-Fabbro, R., Huang, Y.-C., Toledo, P. T. A., Capalbo, L. C., Coleman, R. M., Sasaki, H., Fenno, J. C., & Bottino, M. C. (2023). Injectable Methacrylated Gelatin Hydrogel for Safe Sodium Hypochlorite Delivery in Endodontics. Gels, 9(11), 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9110897

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