Appendage-Bearing Sordariomycetes from Dipterocarpus alatus Leaf Litter in Thailand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection and Fungal Isolation
2.2. Morphological Observation
2.3. Material Deposition
2.4. DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification, and Sequencing
2.5. Phylogenetic Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Phylogenetic Analyses
3.2. Taxonomy
3.2.1. Pestalotiopsis dracontomelon Maharachch. and K.D. Hyde
3.2.2. Ciliochorella dipterocarpi Samaradiwakara, Lumyong and K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.
3.2.3. Robillarda australiana F. Liu, L. Cai & Crous
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Luo, Y.; Berg, B.; Laskowski, R. Litter Decomposition: A Guide to Carbon and Nutrient Turnover; Luo, Y., Laskowski, R., Eds.; Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2006; ISBN 012373617X, 9780123736178. [Google Scholar]
- Matsukura, K.; Hirose, D.; Kagami, M.; Osono, T.; Yamaoka, Y. Geographical distributions of rhytismataceous fungi on Camellia japonica leaf litter in Japan. Fungal Ecol. 2017, 26, 37–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Promputtha, I.; Hyde, K.D.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Peberdy, J.F.; Lumyong, S. Can leaf degrading enzymes provide evidence that endophytic fungi becoming saprobes? Fungal Divers. 2010, 41, 89–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.; Jeewon, R.; Fournier, J.; Hyde, K.D. Multi-gene phylogeny and morphotaxonomy of Amniculicola Lignicola: A novel freshwater fungus from France and its relationships to the Pleosporales. Mycol. Res. 2008, 112, 1186–1194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tennakoon, D.; Gentekaki, E.; Jeewon, R.; Kuo, C.; Promputtha, I.; Hyde, K. Life in leaf litter: Fungal community succession during decomposition. Mycosphere 2021, 12, 406–429. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mapook, A.; Hyde, K.D.; Hassan, K.; Kemkuignou, B.M.; Čmoková, A.; Surup, F.; Kuhnert, E.; Paomephan, P.; Cheng, T.; de Hoog, S.; et al. Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well-being. Fungal Divers. 2022, 116, 547–614. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wainwright, M.; Wickramasinghe, N.; Narlikar, J.; Rajaratnam, P. Microorganisms cultured from stratospheric air samples obtained at 41 Km. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2003, 218, 161–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bucher, V.V.C.; Pointing, S.B.; Hyde, K.D.; Reddy, C.A. Production of wood decay enzymes, loss of mass, and lignin solubilization in wood by diverse tropical freshwater fungi. Microb. Ecol. 2004, 48, 331–337. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pointing, S.B.; Pelling, A.L.; Smith, G.J.D.; Hyde, K.D.; Reddy, C.A. Screening of Basidiomycetes and Xylariaceous fungi for lignin peroxidase and laccase gene-specific sequences. Mycol. Res. 2005, 109, 115–124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jobard, M.; Rasconi, S.; Sime-Ngando, T. Diversity and functions of microscopic fungi: A missing component in pelagic food webs. Aquat. Sci. 2010, 72, 255–268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nagahama, T.; Takahashi, E.; Nagano, Y.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Miyazaki, M. Molecular evidence that deep-branching fungi are major fungal components in deep-sea methane cold-seep sediments. Environ. Microbiol. 2011, 13, 2359–2370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schmit, J.P.; Mueller, G.M. An estimate of the lower limit of global fungal diversity. Biodivers. Conserv. 2007, 16, 99–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hyde, K.D.; Jeewon, R.; Chen, Y.-J.; Bhunjun, C.S.; Calabon, M.S.; Jiang, H.-B.; Lin, C.-G.; Norphanphoun, C.; Sysouphanthong, P.; Pem, D.; et al. The numbers of fungi: Is the descriptive curve flattening? Fungal Divers. 2020, 103, 219–271. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mohamed, D.J.; Martiny, J.B. Patterns of fungal diversity and composition along a salinity gradient. ISME J. 2011, 5, 379–388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Phukhamsakda, C.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Phillips, A.J.L.; Jones, E.B.G.; Bhat, D.J.; Stadler, M.; Bhunjun, C.S.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Thongbai, B.; Camporesi, E.; et al. Microfungi associated with Clematis (Ranunculaceae) with an integrated approach to delimiting species boundaries. Fungal Divers. 2020, 102, 1–203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Phukhamsakda, C.; Nilsson, R.H.; Bhunjun, C.S.; de Farias, A.R.G.; Sun, Y.-R.; Wijesinghe, S.N.; Raza, M.; Bao, D.-F.; Lu, L.; Tibpromma, S.; et al. The numbers of fungi: Contributions from traditional taxonomic studies and challenges of metabarcoding. Fungal Divers. 2022, 114, 327–386. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- de Silva, N.I.; Thambugala, K.M.; Tennakoon, D.S.; Karunarathna, S.C.; Kumla, J.; Suwannarach, N.; Lumyong, S. Taxonomy and phylogenetic appraisal of dothideomycetous fungi associated with Magnolia, Lilium Longiflorum and Hedychium Coronarium. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 1094. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, N.; Castlebury, L.A.; Miller, A.N.; Huhndorf, S.M.; Schoch, C.L.; Seifert, K.A.; Rossman, A.Y.; Rogers, J.D.; Kohlmeyer, J.; Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B.; et al. An overview of the systematics of the Sordariomycetes based on a four-gene phylogeny. Mycologia 2006, 98, 1076–1087. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hyde, K.; Norphanphoun, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Bhat, D.J.; Jones, E.B.G.; Bundhun, D.; Chen, Y.J.; Bao, D.F.; Boonmee, S.; Calabon, M.S.; et al. Refined families of Sordariomycetes. Mycosphere 2020, 11, 305–1059. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Jones, E.B.G.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Bhat, J.D.; Dayarathne, M.C.; Huang, S.-K.; Norphanphoun, C.; Senanayake, I.C.; Perera, R.H.; et al. Families of Sordariomycetes. Fungal Divers. 2016, 79, 1–317. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pratibha, J.; Prabhugaonkar, A.; Hyde, K.D.; Bhat, D.J. Phylogenetic placement of Bahusandhika, Cancellidium and Pseudoepicoccum (Asexual Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 2014, 176, 68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jones, E.B.G.; Suetrong, S.; Sakayaroj, J.; Bahkali, A.H.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Boekhout, T.; Pang, K.-L. Classification of marine Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota. Fungal Divers. 2015, 73, 1–72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Xu, J.; Crous, P.W. Pestalotiopsis Revisited. Stud. Mycol. 2014, 79, 121–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Norphanphoun, C.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Chen, Y.; Wen, T.C.; Meepol, W.; Hyde, K.D. Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of novel pestalotioid species associated with mangroves in Thailand. Mycosphere 2019, 10, 531–578. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, N.; Wang, Z. 3 Pezizomycotina: Sordariomycetes and Leotiomycetes. In Systematics and Evolution; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2015; pp. 57–88. [Google Scholar]
- Gostinčar, C.; Zajc, J.; Lenassi, M.; Plemenitaš, A.; de Hoog, S.; Al-Hatmi, A.M.S.; Gunde-Cimerman, N. Fungi between extremotolerance and opportunistic pathogenicity on humans. Fungal Divers. 2018, 93, 195–213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, J.-Z.; Liu, X.-Z.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Jeewon, R.; Liu, J.-K.; Zhang, X.-L.; Zhao, Q.; Hyde, K.D. Fungicolous fungi: Terminology, diversity, distribution, evolution, and species checklist. Fungal Divers. 2019, 95, 337–430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nag Raj, T.R. Coelomycetous Anamorphs with Appendage-Bearing Conidia; Mycologue Publications: Sidney, BC, Canada, 1993; ISBN 0969223722. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, F.; Bonthond, G.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Cai, L.; Crous, P.W. Sporocadaceae, A family of coelomycetous fungi with appendage-bearing conidia. Stud. Mycol. 2019, 92, 287–415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wijayawardene, N.N.; Dai, D.Q.; Zhang, G.Q.; Gao, Y.; Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Pem, D.; Thiyagaraja, V.; Hyde, K.D.; Dong, W.; et al. Outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa—2021. Mycosphere 2022, 13, 53–453. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barber, P.A.; Crous, P.W.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Pascoe, I.G.; Keane, P. Reassessing Vermisporium (Amphisphaeriaceae), A genus of foliar pathogens of Eucalypts. Pers. Mol. Phylogeny Evol. Fungi 2011, 27, 90–118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tanaka, K.; Endo, M.; Hirayama, K.; Okane, I.; Hosoya, T.; Sato, T. Phylogeny of Discosia and Seimatosporium, and introduction of Adisciso and Immersidiscosia genera nova. Pers. Mol. Phylogeny Evol. Fungi 2011, 26, 85–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jaklitsch, W.M.; Gardiennet, A.; Voglmayr, H. Resolution of morphology-based taxonomic delusions: Acrocordiella, Basiseptospora, Blogiascospora, Clypeosphaeria, Hymenopleella, Lepteutypa, Pseudapiospora, Requienella, Seiridium and Strickeria. Pers. Mol. Phylogeny Evol. Fungi 2016, 37, 82–105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barr, M.E. Pestalosphaeria, A new genus in the Amphisphaeriaceae. Mycologia 1975, 67, 187–194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barr, M.E. Prodromus to nonlichenized, pyrenomycetous members of class Hymenoascomycetes. Mycotaxon 1990, 39, 43–184. [Google Scholar]
- Hu, H.; Jeewon, R.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, T.; Hyde, K.D. Phylogenetic diversity of endophytic Pestalotiopsis species in Pinus Armandii and Ribes spp.: Evidence from rdna and β-tubulin gene phylogenies. Fungal Divers. 2007, 24, 1–22. [Google Scholar]
- Lücking, R.; Aime, M.C.; Robbertse, B.; Miller, A.N.; Aoki, T.; Ariyawansa, H.A.; Cardinali, G.; Crous, P.W.; Druzhinina, I.S.; Geiser, D.M.; et al. Fungal taxonomy and sequence-based nomenclature. Nat. Microbiol. 2021, 6, 540–548. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Senanayake, I.; Rathnayaka, A.; Sandamali, D.; Calabon, M.; Gentekaki, E. Morphological approaches in studying fungi: Collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 2020, 11, 2678–2754. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jayasiri, S.C.; Hyde, K.D.; Ariyawansa, H.A.; Bhat, J.; Buyck, B.; Cai, L.; Dai, Y.-C.; Abd-Elsalam, K.A.; Ertz, D.; Hidayat, I.; et al. The faces of fungi database: Fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Divers. 2015, 74, 3–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Index Fungorum. Available online: https://www.indexfungorum.org/names/Names.asp (accessed on 8 March 2023).
- Chaiwan, N.; Gomdola, D.; Wang, S.; Monkai, J.; Tibpromma, S.; Doilom, M.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Mortimer, P.E.; Lumyong, S.; Hyde, K.D. An online database providing updated information of microfungi in the greater mekong subregion. Mycosphere 2021, 12, 1513–1526. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Chen, Y.; Ariyawansa, H.A.; Hyde, K.D.; Haelewaters, D.; Perera, R.H.; Samarakoon, M.C.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Bustamante, D.E.; Liu, J.-K.; et al. Integrative approaches for species delimitation in Ascomycota. Fungal Divers. 2021, 109, 155–179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- White, T.J.; Bruns, T.; Lee, S.; Taylor, J. Amplification, and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In PCR Protocols; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1990; pp. 315–322. [Google Scholar]
- Vilgalys, R.; Hester, M. Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several cryptococcus species. J. Bacteriol. 1990, 172, 4238–4246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rehner, S.A.; Samuels, G.J. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Gliocladium analysed from nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycol. Res. 1994, 98, 625–634. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rehner, S.A.; Buckley, E.A. Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-sequences: Evidence for cryptic diversification and links to cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia 2005, 97, 84–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Glass, N.L.; Donaldson, G.C. Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1995, 61, 1323–1330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, Y.J.; Whelen, S.; Hall, B.D. Phylogenetic relationships among Ascomycetes: Evidence from an RNA polymerse ii subunit. Mol. Biol. Evol. 1999, 16, 1799–1808. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sung, G.-H.; Sung, J.-M.; Hywel-Jones, N.L.; Spatafora, J.W. A multi-gene phylogeny of Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycota, Fungi): Identification of localized incongruence using a combinational bootstrap approach. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2007, 44, 1204–1223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hyde, K.D.; Hongsanan, S.; Jeewon, R.; Bhat, D.J.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Jones, E.B.G.; Phookamsak, R.; Ariyawansa, H.A.; Boonmee, S.; Zhao, Q.; et al. Fungal diversity notes 367–490: Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Divers. 2016, 80, 1–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, W.L.; Liu, Z.P.; Zhang, T.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Luo, Z.L.; Su, H.Y.; Liu, J.K. Additions to Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae) associated with submerged decaying wood in China. Phytotaxa 2021, 520, 75–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Edgar, R.C. MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004, 32, 1792–1797. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Capella-Gutierrez, S.; Silla-Martinez, J.M.; Gabaldon, T. TrimAl: A tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics 2009, 25, 1972–1973. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hall, T.A. BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 1999, 41, 95–98. [Google Scholar]
- Miller, M.A.; Pfeiffer, W.; Schwartz, T. Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In Proceedings of the 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 November 2010; IEEE: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2010; pp. 1–8. [Google Scholar]
- Stamatakis, A.; Hoover, P.; Rougemont, J. A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Syst. Biol. 2008, 57, 758–771. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stamatakis, A. RAxML Version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 2014, 30, 1312–1313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ronquist, F.; Teslenko, M.; van der Mark, P.; Ayres, D.L.; Darling, A.; Höhna, S.; Larget, B.; Liu, L.; Suchard, M.A.; Huelsenbeck, J.P. MrBayes 3.2: Efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Syst. Biol. 2012, 61, 539–542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rannala, B.; Yang, Z. Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: A new method of phylogenetic inference. J. Mol. Evol. 1996, 43, 304–311. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Swofford, D.L. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. J. Mol. Evol. 2002, 42, 294–307. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kishino, H.; Hasegawa, M. Evaluation of the maximum likelihood estimate of the evolutionary tree topologies from DNA sequence data, and the branching order in Hominoidea. J. Mol. Evol. 1989, 29, 170–179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rambaut, A. FigTree version 1.4.0. Available online: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed on 12 December 2022).
- Liu, J.K.; Hyde, K.D.; Jones, E.B.G.; Ariyawansa, H.A.; Bhat, D.J.; Boonmee, S.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Phookamsak, R.; Phukhamsakda, C.; et al. Fungal diversity notes 1–110: Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species. Fungal Divers. 2015, 72, 1–197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Allegrucci, N.; Elíades, L.; Cabello, M.; Arambarri, A. New species Koorchaloma and Ciliochorella from xeric forests in Argentina. Mycotaxon 2011, 115, 175–181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tangthirasunun, N.; Silar, P.; Bhat, D.J.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Wijayawardene, N.N.; Bahkali, A.H.; Hyde, K.D. Morphology and phylogeny of two appendaged genera of coelomycetes: Ciliochorella and Discosia. Sydowia 2015, 67, 217–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thilini Chethana, K.W.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Chen, Y.J.; Konta, S.; Tibpromma, S.; Abeywickrama, P.D.; Gomdola, D.; Balasuriya, A.; Xu, J.; Lumyong, S.; et al. Diversity and function of appressoria. Pathogens 2021, 10, 746. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Manawasinghe, I.S.; Calabon, M.S.; Jones, E.B.G.; Zhang, Y.X.; Liao, C.F.; Xiong, Y.R.; Chaiwan, N.; Kularathnage, N.D.; Liu, N.G.; Tang, S.M.; et al. Mycosphere notes 345–386. Mycosphere 2022, 13, 454–557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jayawardena, R.S.; Hyde, K.D.; de Farias, A.R.G.; Bhunjun, C.S.; Ferdinandez, H.S.; Manamgoda, D.S.; Udayanga, D.; Herath, I.S.; Thambugala, K.M.; Manawasinghe, I.S.; et al. What is a species in fungal plant pathogens? Fungal Divers. 2021, 109, 239–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Simmons, M.P. A confounding effect of missing data on character conflict in maximum likelihood and bayesian MCMC phylogenetic analyses. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2014, 80, 267–280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hovmöller, R.; Lacey Knowles, L.; Kubatko, L.S. Effects of missing data on species tree estimation under the coalescent. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2013, 69, 1057–1062. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Streicher, J.W.; Schulte, J.A.; Wiens, J.J. How should genes and taxa be sampled for phylogenomic analyses with missing data? An empirical study in Iguanian lizards. Syst. Biol. 2016, 65, 128–145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Smith, B.T.; Mauck, W.M.; Benz, B.W.; Andersen, M.J. Uneven missing data skew phylogenomic relationships within the lories and lorikeets. Genome Biol. Evol. 2020, 12, 1131–1147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Debbab, A.; Aly, A.H.; Proksch, P. Endophytes and associated marine derived fungi—Ecological and chemical perspectives. Fungal Divers. 2012, 57, 45–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ko, T.W.; Stephenson, S.L.; Bahkali, A.H.; Hyde, K.D. From morphology to molecular biology: Can we use sequence data to identify fungal endophytes? Fungal Divers. 2011, 50, 113–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, J.; Ebada, S.S.; Proksch, P. Pestalotiopsis a highly creative genus: Chemistry and bioactivity of secondary metabolites. Fungal Divers. 2010, 44, 15–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Chukeatirote, E.; Guo, L.D.; Crous, P.W.; Mckenzie, E.H.C.; Hyde, K.D. Pestalotiopsis species associated with Camellia Sinensis (Tea). Mycotaxon 2013, 123, 47–61. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rashmi, M.A. Worldwide list of endophytic fungi with notes on ecology and diversity. Mycosphere 2019, 10, 798–1079. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shu, J.; Yu, Z.; Sun, W.; Zhao, J.; Li, Q.; Tang, L.; Guo, T.; Huang, S.; Mo, J.; Hsiang, T.; et al. Identification and characterization of pestalotioid fungi causing leaf spots on Mango in southern China. Plant Dis. 2020, 104, 1207–1213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Monteiro, P.; Gonçalves, M.F.M.; Pinto, G.; Silva, B.; Martín-García, J.; Diez, J.J.; Alves, A. Three novel species of fungi associated with pine species showing needle blight-like disease symptoms. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2022, 162, 183–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, F.; Hou, L.; Raza, M.; Cai, L. Pestalotiopsis and allied genera from Camellia, with description of 11 new species from China. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 866. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Watanabe, K.; Motohashi, K.; Ono, Y. Description of Pestalotiopsis pallidotheae: A new species from Japan. Mycoscience 2010, 51, 182–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhunjun, C.S.; Phukhamsakda, C.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Jeewon, R.; Promputtha, I.; Hyde, K.D. Investigating species boundaries in Colletotrichum. Fungal Divers. 2021, 107, 107–127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhunjun, C.S.; Dong, Y.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Jeewon, R.; Phukhamsakda, C.; Bundhun, D.; Hyde, K.D.; Sheng, J.A. Polyphasic approach to delineate species in Bipolaris. Fungal Divers. 2020, 102, 225–256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhunjun, C.S.; Phillips, A.J.L.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Promputtha, I.; Hyde, K.D. Importance of molecular data to identify fungal plant pathogens and guidelines for pathogenicity testing based on Koch’s postulates. Pathogens 2021, 10, 1096. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Crous, P.W.; Carris, L.M.; Giraldo, A.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Hemández-Restrepo, M.; Jaklitsch, W.M.; Lebrun, M.H.; Schumacher, R.K.; Stielow, J.B.; et al. The genera of fungi—Fixing the application of the type species of generic names—G2: Allantophomopsis, Latorua, Macrodiplodiopsis, Macrohilum, Milospium, Protostegia, Pyricularia, Robillarda, Rotula, Septoriella, Torula, and Wojnowicia. IMA Fungus 2015, 6, 163–198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Papizadeh, M.; Goonasekara, I.D.; Camporesi, E.; Bhat, D.J.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Phillips, A.J.L.; Diederich, P.; et al. Taxonomy and phylogeny of dematiaceous coelomycetes. Fungal Divers. 2016, 77, 1–316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Phookamsak, R.; Hyde, K.D.; Jeewon, R.; Bhat, D.J.; Jones, E.B.G.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Raspé, O.; Karunarathna, S.C.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Hongsanan, S.; et al. Fungal diversity notes 929–1035: Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungi. Fungal Divers. 2019, 95, 1–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haelewaters, D.; Dima, B.; Abdel-Hafiz, A.; Abdel-Wahab, M.; Abul-Ezz, S.; Acar, I.; Aguirre-Acosta, E.; Aime, M.; Aldemir, S.; Ali, M.; et al. Fungal systematics and evolution 6. Sydowia 2020, 72, 231–356. [Google Scholar]
- Hyde, K.D.; Norphanphoun, C.; Chen, J.; Dissanayake, A.J.; Doilom, M.; Hongsanan, S.; Jayawardena, R.S.; Jeewon, R.; Perera, R.H.; Thongbai, B.; et al. Thailand’s Amazing diversity: Up to 96% of fungi in northern Thailand may be novel. Fungal Divers. 2018, 93, 215–239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tennakoon, D.S.; Kuo, C.H.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Thambugala, K.M.; Gentekaki, E.; Phillips, A.J.L.; Bhat, D.J.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; de Silva, N.I.; Promputtha, I.; et al. Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to Celtis Formosana, Ficus Ampelas, F. Septica, Macaranga Tanarius and Morus Australis leaf litter inhabiting microfungi. Fungal Divers. 2021, 108, 1–215. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bermudez, G.; Lindemann, M.P. “What matters is species richness” High school students’ understanding of the components of biodiversity. Res. Sci. Educ. 2020, 50, 2159–2187. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shtilerman, E.; Thompson, C.J.; Stone, L.; Bode, M.; Burgman, M. A novel method for estimating the number of species within a region. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2014, 281, 2013–3009. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hawksworth, D.L.; Lücking, R. Fungal diversity revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 million species. Microbiol. Spectr. 2017, 5, 4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhunjun, C.S.; Niskanen, T.; Suwannarach, N.; Wannathes, N.; Chen, Y.-J.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Buyck, B.; Zhao, C.L.; Fan, Y.G.; et al. The numbers of fungi: Are the most speciose genera truly diverse? Fungal Divers. 2022, 114, 387–462. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Senanayake, I.C.; Pem, D.; Rathnayaka, A.R.; Wijesinghe, S.N.; Tibpromma, S.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Phookamsak, R.; Kularathnage, N.D.; Gomdola, D.; Harishchandra, D.; et al. Predicting global numbers of teleomorphic Ascomycetes. Fungal Divers. 2022, 114, 237–278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Gene/Loci | Primers | PCR Conditions | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
ITS | ITS5/ITS4 | Initial denaturation 94 °C for 3 min, following 35 × cycles of denaturation 94 °C for 30 s, annealing 55 °C for 50 s, elongation 72 °C for 1.30 min, and a final extension 72 °C for 10 min. | [43] |
LSU | LR0R/LR5 | Initial denaturation 94 °C for 3 min, following 35 × cycles of denaturation 94 °C for 30 s, annealing 55 °C for 50 s, elongation 72 °C for 1.30 min, and a final extension 72 °C for 10 min. | [44,45] |
tef-1a | EF728F/EF2 and EF728F/EF-986R | Initial denaturation 94 °C for 3 min, followed by 35 × cycles of denaturation 94 °C for 30 s, annealing 58.5 °C for 1.30 min, elongation 72 °C for 1.20 min, and a final extension 72 °C for 5 min. | [46] |
tub2 | BT-2a/BT-2b and T1/T22 | Initial denaturation 94 °C for 3 min, followed by 35 × cycles of denaturation 9 °C for 30 s, annealing 58.5 °C for 1.30 min, elongation 72 °C for 1.20 min, and a final extension 72 °C for 5 min. | [47] |
rpb2 | fRPB25F/fRPB2-7cR | Initial denaturation 95 °C for 5 min, followed by 40 × cycles of denaturation 95 °C for 15 s, annealing 56 °C for 50 s, elongation 72 °C for 2 min, and a final extension 72 °C 10 min. | [48,49] |
Species | Isolate | Substrate/Host | Country | ITS | tub2 | tef1-a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pestalotiopsis abietis | CFCC 53011 * | Abies fargesii | China | MK397013 | MK622280 | MK622277 |
P. abietis | CFCC 53012 | Abies fargesii | China | MK397014 | MK622281 | MK622278 |
P. abietis | CFCC 53013 | Abies fargesii | China | MK397015 | MK622282 | MK622279 |
P. adusta | ICMP 6088 * | Refrigerator door | Fiji | JX399006 | JX399037 | JX399070 |
P. adusta | MFLUCC 10-0146 | Syzygium sp. | Thailand | JX399007 | JX399038 | JX399071 |
P. aggestorum | LC6301 * | Camellia sinensis | China | KX895015 | KX895348 | KX895234 |
P. aggestorum | LC8186 | Camellia sinensis | China | KY464140 | KY464160 | KY464150 |
P. anacar- diacearum | IFRDCC 2397 * | Mangifera indica | China | KC247154 | KC247155 | KC247156 |
P. arceuthobii | CBS 434.65 * | Arceuthobium campylopodum | USA | KM199341 | KM199427 | KM199516 |
P. arenga | CBS 331.92 * | Arenga undulatifolia | Singapore | KM199340 | KM199426 | KM199515 |
P. australasia | CBS 114126 * | Knightia sp. | New Zealand | KM199297 | KM199409 | KM199499 |
P. australasia | CBS 114141 | Protea sp. | New South Wales | KM 199298 | KM199410 | KM199501 |
P. australis | CBS 111503 | Protea neriifolia | South Africa | KM199331 | KM199382 | KM199557 |
P. australis | CBS114193 * | Grevillea sp. | NewSouth Wales | KM199332 | KM199383 | KM199475 |
P. biciliata | CBS 124463 * | Platanus × hispanica | Slovakia | KM199308 | KM199399 | KM199505 |
P. biciliata | CBS 236.38 | Paeonia sp. | Italy | KM199309 | KM199401 | KM199506 |
P. brachiata | LC2998 * | Camellia sp. | China | KX894933 | KX895265 | KX895150 |
P. brachiata | LC8188 | Camellia sp. | China | KY464142 | KY464162 | KY464152 |
P. brachiata | LC8189 | Camellia sp. | China | KY464143 | KY464163 | KY464153 |
P. brassicae | CBS 170.26 * | Brassica napus | New Zealand | KM199379 | NA | KM199558 |
P. camelliae | MFLUCC 12-0277 * | Camellia japonica | China | JX399010 | JX399041 | JX399074 |
P. camelliae-oleiferae | CSUFTCC08 * | Camellia oleifera | China | OK493593 | OK562368 | OK507963 |
P. camelliae-oleiferae | CSUFTCC09 | Camellia oleifera | China | OK493594 | OK562369 | OK507964 |
P. camelliae-oleiferae | CSUFTCC10 | Camellia oleifera | China | OK493595 | OK562370 | OK507965 |
P. chamaeropis | CBS 186.71 * | Chamaerops humilis | Italy | KM199326 | KM199391 | KM199473 |
P. chamaeropis | LC3619 | Camellia sp. | China | KX894991 | KX895322 | KX895208 |
P. clavata | MFLUCC 12-0268 * | Buxus sp. | China | JX398990 | JX399025 | JX399056 |
P. colombiensis | CBS 118553 * | Eucalyptus eurograndis | Colombia | KM199307 | KM199421 | KM199488 |
P. digitalis | MFLU 14-0208 * | Digitalis purpurea | New Zealand | KP781879 | KP781883 | NA |
P. dilucida | LC3232 * | Camellia sinensis | China | KX894961 | KX895293 | KX895178 |
P. dilucida | LC8184 | Camellia sinensis | China | KY464138 | KY464158 | KY464148 |
P. diploclisiae | CBS 115449 | Psychotria tutcheri | China | KM199314 | KM199416 | KM199485 |
P. diploclisiae | CBS 115587 * | Diploclisia glaucescens | China | KM199320 | KM199419 | KM199486 |
P. disseminata | CBS 118552 | Eucalyptus botryoides | New Zealand | MH553986 | MH554652 | MH554410 |
P. disseminata | CBS 143904 | Persea americana | New Zealand | MH554152 | MH554825 | MH554587 |
P. disseminata | MEAN 1165 | Pinus pinea | Portugal | MT374687 | MT374712 | MT374699 |
P. disseminata | MEAN 1166 | Pinus pinea | Portugal | MT374688 | MT374713 | MT374700 |
P. diversiseta | MFLUCC 12-0287 * | Rhododendron sp. | China | JX399009 | JX399040 | JX399073 |
P. doitungensis | MFLUCC 14-0115 * | Dendrobium sp. | Thailand | MK993574 | MK975837 | MK975832 |
P. dracaenicola | MFLUCC 18-0913 * | Dracaena sp. | Thailand | MN962731 | MN962733 | MN962732 |
P. dracontomelon | MFLUCC 10-0149 * | Dracontomelon dao | Thailand | NR_168755 | NA | NA |
P. dracontomelon | MFLUCC 22-0119 | Dipterocarpus alatus | Thailand | OP905676 | OQ127639 | OQ127638 |
P. endophytica | MFLUCC 18-0932 * | Magnolia garrettii | Thailand | MW263946 | NA | MW417119 |
P. ericacearum | IFRDCC 2439 * | Rhododendron delavayi | China | KC537807 | KC537821 | KC537814 |
P. etonensis | BRIP 66615 * | Sporobolus jacquemontii | Australia | MK966339 | MK977634 | MK977635 |
P. formosana | NTUCC 17-009 * | On dead grass | China | MH809381 | MH809385 | MH809389 |
P. furcata | MFLUCC 12-0054 * | Camellia sinensis | Thailand | JQ683724 | JQ683708 | JQ683740 |
P. furcata | LC6691 | Camellia sinensis | China | KX895030 | KX895363 | KX895248 |
P. gaultheria | IFRD 411-014 * | Gaultheria forrestii | China | KC537805 | KC537819 | KC537812 |
P. gibbosa | NOF 3175 * | Gaultheria shallon | Canada | LC311589 | LC311590 | LC311591 |
P. grevilleae | CBS 114127 * | Grevillea sp. | Australia | KM199300 | KM199407 | KM199504 |
P. hawaiiensis | CBS 114491 * | Leucospermum sp. | Hawaii | KM199339 | KM199428 | KM199514 |
P. hollandica | CBS 265.33 * | Sciadopitys verticillata | Netherlands | KM199328 | KM199388 | KM199481 |
P. hispanica | CBS 115391 * | Protea cv. ‘Susara’ | Spain | MH553981 | MH554640 | MH554399 |
P. humus | CBS 336.97 * | Soil | Papua New Guinea | KM199317 | KM199420 | KM199484 |
P. hunanensis | CSUFTCC15 * | Camellia oleifera | China | OK493600 | OK562375 | OK507970 |
P. hunanensis | CSUFTCC19 | Camellia oleifera | China | OK493601 | OK562376 | OK507971 |
P.hydei | MFLUCC 20-0135 * | Litsea petiolata | Thailand | MW266063 | MW251112 | MW251113 |
P. iberica | MUM:21.02 | Pinus sylvestris | Spain | MW732250 | MW759034 | MW759037 |
P. inflexa | MFLUCC 12-0270 * | Unidentified tree | China | JX399008 | JX399039 | JX399072 |
P. intermedia | MFLUCC 12-0259 * | Unidentified tree | China | JX398993 | JX399028 | JX399059 |
P. italiana | MFLU 14-0214 * | Cupressus glabra | Italy | KP781878 | KP781882 | KP781881 |
P. jesteri | CBS 109350 * | Fragraea bodenii | Papua New Guinea | KM199380 | KM199468 | KM199554 |
P. jiangxiensis | LC4242 | Eurya sp. | China | KX895035 | KX895327 | KX895213 |
P. jiangxiensis | LC4399 * | Camellia sp. | China | KX895009 | KX895341 | KX895227 |
P. jinchanghensis | LC6636 * | Camellia sinensis | China | KX895028 | KX895361 | KX895247 |
P. jinchanghensis | LC8190 | Camellia sinensis | China | KY464144 | KY464164 | KY464154 |
P. kandelicola | NCYU 19-0355 * | Kandelia candel | China | MT560723 | MT563100 | MT563102 |
P. kenyana | CBS 442.67 * | Coffea sp. | Kenya | KM199302 | KM199395 | KM199502 |
P. kenyana | LC6633 | Camellia sinensis | China | KX895027 | KX895360 | KX895246 |
P. knightiae | CBS 111963 | Knightia sp. | New Zealand | KM199311 | KM199406 | KM199495 |
P. knightiae | CBS 114138 * | Knightia sp. | New Zealand | KM199310 | KM199408 | KM199497 |
P. leucadendri | CBS 121417 * | Leucadendron sp. | South Africa | MH553987 | MH554654 | MH554412 |
P. licualicola | HGUP 4057 * | Licuala grandis | China | KC492509 | KC481683 | KC481684 |
P. linearis | MFLUCC 12-0271 * | Trachelospermum sp. | China | JX398992 | JX399027 | JX399058 |
P. longiappendiculata | LC3013 * | Camellia sinensis | China | KX894939 | KX895271 | KX895156 |
P. lushanensis | LC4344 * | Camellia sp. | China | KX895005 | KX895337 | KX895223 |
P. lushanensis | LC8182 | Camellia sp. | China | KY464136 | KY464156 | KY464146 |
P. lushanensis | LC8183 | Camellia sp. | China | KY464137 | KY464157 | KY464147 |
P. macadamiae | BRIP 63738b * | Macadamia integrifolia | Australia | KX186588 | KX186680 | KX186621 |
P. macadamiae | BRIP 63739b | Macadamia integrifolia | Australia | KX186587 | KX186679 | KX186620 |
P. macadamiae | BRIP63739a | Macadamia integrifolia | Australia | KX186589 | KX186681 | KX186622 |
P. malayana | CBS 102220 * | Macaranga triloba | Malaysia | KM199306 | KM199411 | KM199482 |
P. monochaeta | CBS 144.97 * | Quercus robur | Netherlands | KM199327 | KM199386 | KM199479 |
P. monochaeta | CBS 440.83 | Taxus baccata | Netherlands | KM199329 | KM199387 | KM199480 |
P.nanjingensis | CSUFTCC16 * | Camellia oleifera | China | OK493602 | OK562377 | OK507972 |
P.nanjingensis | CSUFTCC20 | Camellia oleifera | China | OK493603 | OK562378 | OK507973 |
P.nanjingensis | CSUFTCC04 | Camellia oleifera | China | OK493604 | OK562379 | OK507974 |
P. nanningensis | CSUFTCC10 * | Camellia oleifera | China | OK493596 | OK562371 | OK507966 |
P. nanningensis | CSUFTCC11 | Camellia oleifera | China | OK493597 | OK562372 | OK507967 |
P. nanningensis | CSUFTCC12 | Camellia oleifera | China | OK493598 | OK562373 | OK507968 |
P. neolitseae | NTUCC 17-011 * | Neolitsea villosa | Taiwan | MH809383 | MH809387 | MH809391 |
P. novaehollandiae | CBS 130973 * | Banksia grandis | Australia | KM199337 | KM199425 | KM199511 |
P. oryzae | CBS 111522 | Telopea sp. | USA | KM199294 | KM199394 | KM199493 |
P. oryzae | CBS 171.26 | NA | Italy | KM199304 | KM199397 | KM199494 |
P. oryzae | CBS 353.69 * | Oryza sativa | Denmark | KM199299 | KM199398 | KM199496 |
P. pandanicola | MFLUCC 16-0255 * | Pandanus sp. | Thailand | MH388361 | MH412723 | MH388396 |
P. papuana | CBS 331.96 * | Coastal soil | Papua New Guinea | KM199321 | KM199413 | KM199491 |
P. papuana | CBS 887.96 | Cocos nucifera | Papua New Guinea | KM199318 | KM199415 | KM199492 |
P. pallidotheae | MAFF 240993 | Pieris japonica | Japan | NR111022 | LC311584 | LC311585 |
P. parva | CBS 265.37 * | Delonix regia | NA | KM199312 | KM199404 | KM199508 |
P. parva | CBS 278.35 | Leucothoe fontanesiana | NA | KM199313 | KM199405 | KM199509 |
P. photinicola | GZCC 16-0028 * | Photinia serrulata | China | KY092404 | KY047663 | KY047662 |
P. portugalica | CBS 393.48 * | NA | Portugal | KM199335 | KM199422 | KM199510 |
P. portugalica | LC4324 | Camellia chekiangoleosa | China | KX895001 | KX895333 | KX895219 |
P. pini | MEAN 1092 * | Pinus pinea | Portugal | MT374680 | MT374705 | MT374693 |
P. pinicola | KUMCC 19-0183 * | Pinus armandii | China | MN412636 | MN417507 | MN417509 |
P. rhododendri | IFRDCC 2399 * | Rhododendron sinogrande | China | KC537804 | KC537818 | KC537811 |
P. rhodomyrtus | HGUP4230 * | Rhodomyrtus tomentosa | China | KF412648 | KF412642 | KF412645 |
P. rhodomyrtus | LC4458 | Camellia sinensis | China | KX895010 | KX895342 | KX895228 |
P. rhizophorae | MFLUCC 17-0416 * | Rhizophora apiculata | Thailand | MK764283 | MK764349 | MK764327 |
P. rosea | MFLUCC 12-0258 * | Pinus sp. | China | JX399005 | JX399036 | JX399069 |
P. scoparia | CBS 176.25 * | Chamaecyparis sp. | NA | KM199330 | KM199393 | KM199478 |
P. sequoiae | MFLUCC 13-0399 * | Sequoia sempervirens | Italy | KX572339 | NA | NA |
P. spathulata | CBS 356.86 * | Gevuina avellana | Chile | KM199338 | KM199423 | KM199513 |
P.spathuli- appendiculata | CBS 144035 * | Phoenix canariensis | Australia | MH554172 | MH554845 | MH554607 |
P. telopeae | CBS 114137 | Protea sp. | Australia | KM199301 | KM199469 | KM199559 |
P. telopeae | CBS 114161 * | Telopea sp. | Australia | KM199296 | KM199403 | KM199500 |
P. telopeae | CBS 113606 | Telopea sp. | Australia | KM199295 | KM199402 | KM199498 |
P. terricola | CBS 141.69 * | Soil | Pacific Islands | MH554004 | MH554680 | MH554438 |
P. thailandica | MFLUCC 17-1616 * | Rhizophora apiculata | Thailand | MK764285 | MK764351 | MK764329 |
P. trachicarpicola | IFRDCC 2403 | Podocarpus macrophyllus | China | KC537809 | KC537823 | KC537816 |
P. trachicarpicola | LC4523 | Camellia sinensis | China | KX895011 | KX895344 | KX895230 |
P. trachicarpicola | MFLUCC 12-0264 | Chrysophyllum sp. | China | JX399004 | JX399035 | JX399068 |
P. trachicarpicola | OP068 * | Trachycarpus fortunei | China | JQ845947 | JQ845945 | JQ845946 |
P. unicolor | MFLUCC 12-0276 * | Rhododendron sp. | China | JX398999 | JX399030 | NA |
P. unicolor | MFLUCC 12-0275 | Unidentified tree | China | JX398998 | JX399029 | JX399063 |
P. verruculosa | MFLUCC 12-0274 * | Rhododendron sp. | China | JX398996 | NA | JX399061 |
P. yanglingensis | LC4553 * | Camellia sinensis | China | KX895012 | KX895345 | KX895231 |
P. yanglingensis | LC3412 | Camellia sinensis | China | KX894980 | KX895312 | KX895197 |
P. yunnanensis | HMAS 96359 * | Podocarpus macrophyllus | China | AY373375 | NA | NA |
Pestalotiopsis chinensis | MFLUCC 12-0273 * | Taxus sp. | China | JX398995 | NA | NA |
Pestalotiopsis dianellae | CBS:143421 * | Dianella sp. | Australia | MG386051 | MG386164 | NA |
Pestalotiopsis dracaenae | HGUP4037 * | Dracaena sp. | Thailand | MT596515 | MT598645 | MT598644 |
Pestalotiopsis grandis-urophylla | E-72-02 | Eucalyptus grandis | Brazil | KU926708 | KU926716 | KU926712 |
Pestalotiopsis humicola | CBS 144029 | Acacia mangun | Malaysia | MH554128 | MH554801 | MH554563 |
Pestalotiopsis kaki | KNU-PT-1804 * | Diospyros kaki | South Korea | LC552953 | LC552954 | LC553555 |
Pestalotiopsis krabiensis | MFLUCC 16–0260 * | Pandanaceae | Thailand | MH388360 | MH412722 | MH388395 |
Pestalotiopsis menhaiensis | YN3A1 * | Camellia sinensis | China | KU252272 | KU252488 | KU252401 |
Pestalotiopsis shoreae | ICMP: 20195 | Shorea obtusa | Thailand | KJ503811 | KJ503814 | KJ503817 |
Pestalotiopsis sp. | SC3A21 | Camellia sinensis | China | KX146689 | KX146807 | KX146748 |
Neopestalotiopsis magna | MFLUCC 12-0652 * | NA | France | KF582795 | KF582793 | KF582791 |
N. saprophytica | MFLUCC 12-0282 * | Dead plant material | China | JX398982 | JX399017 | JX399048 |
Pseudopestolotiopsis indica | CBS 459.78 * | Rosa sinensis | India | KM199381 | KM199470 | KM199560 |
P. cocos | CBS 272.29 * | NA | Indonesia | KM199378 | KM199467 | KM199553 |
P. theae | MFLUCC 12-0055 * | Camellia sinensis | Thailand | NR111716 | JQ683711 | JQ683743 |
Species | Isolate | Substrate/Host | Country | LSU | ITS | tub2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seimatosporium pseudorosarum | MFLUCC 14-0466 * | Rosa canina | Italy | NA | KT284775 | NA |
Se. lichenicola | CBS 354.90 | Fagus sylvatica | Germany | MH554252 | MH554035 | MH554711 |
Se. lichenicola | MFLUCC 14-0052 | Rosa canina | Italy | KT005514 | KT005515 | NA |
Se. vaccinii | ICMP 7003 | Vaccinium ashei Reade | New Zealand | AF382374 | NA | NA |
Se. sorbi | MFLUCC T20-1103 * | Rocaecae | Uzbekistan | OK642226 | NA | NA |
Se. glandigenum | AB593735 | Fagus sylvatica | Japan | AB593735 | NA | NA |
Se. lichenicola | NBRC 32625 | Rosa canina | United Kingdom | MH883646 | MH883643 | MH883645 |
Se. cornii | MFLUCC 14-0467 * | Cornus sp. | Italy | NG_059570 | NR_156597 | NA |
Se. cornii | MFLUCC 14-1208 * | Cornus sanguinea | Italy | KT868531 | KT868532 | NA |
Se. parasiticum | NBRC 32682 | Physocarpus amurensis | Japan | AB593741 | AB594808 | NA |
Se. physocarpi | MFLUCC 14-0625 * | Physocarpus opulifolius | Russia | KT198723 | KT198722 | MH554676 |
Se. vitis | MFLUCC 14-0051 * | Vitis vinifera | Italy | KR920362 | KR920363 | NA |
Se. pistaciae | CBS 138865 * | Pistacia vera | Iran | MH878632 | KP004463 | MH554674 |
Se. rosae | MFLUCC 14-0621 * | Rosa sp. | Russia | NA | LT853105 | LT853253 |
Se. eucalypti | CPC 156 | Eucalyptus smithii | South Africa | JN871209 | JN871200 | NA |
Se. eucalypti | CPC 159 | Eucalyptus smithii | South Africa | JN871212 | JN871202 | NA |
Se. eucalypti | CPC 157 | Eucalyptus smithii | South Africa | JN871210 | JN871201 | NA |
Se. falcatum | CPC 13578 | Eucalyptus alligatrix | Australia | JN871213 | JN871204 | NA |
Se. obtusum | CPC 12935 | Corymbia henryi | Australia | JN871215 | JN871206 | NA |
Se. elegans | NBRC 32674 | Melaleuca ericifolia | Japan | AB593733 | AB594801 | NA |
Se. biseptatum | CPC 13584 | Eucalyptus cypellocarpa | Australia | JN871208 | JN871199 | NA |
Se. hakeae | AB593736 | Pteridium aquilinum | Japan | AB593736 | NA | NA |
Se. grevilleae | ICMP 10981 | Protea sp. | South Africa | AF382372 | NA | NA |
Se. leptospermi | ICMP 11845 | Leptospermum scoparium | New Zealand | AF382373 | NA | NA |
Se. mariae | NBRC 32681 | Correa reflexa | Japan | AB593740 | AB594807 | NA |
Se. walkeri | CPC 17644 | Eucalyptus sp. | Australia | JN871216 | JN871207 | NA |
Se. rhombisporum | MFLUCC 15-0543 * | Vaccinium myrtillus | Italy | NG_059566 | NA | NA |
Sporocadus cornicola | MFLUCC 14-0448 * | Cornus sanguinea | Italy | NA | KU974967 | NA |
Sp. cornicola | CBS 143889 | Cornus sanguinea | Germany | MH554326 | MH554121 | MH554794 |
Discostroma stoneae | NBRC 32690 | NA | Japan | AB593729 | AB594797 | NA |
Sarcostroma restionis | CBS 118154 | Culm litter of Restio filiformis | South Africa | DQ278924 | DQ278922 | MH554651 |
Sar. restionis | CBS 118153 | Culm litter of Restio filiformis | South Africa | DQ278925 | DQ278923 | MH554650 |
Sar. bisetulatum | CBS 122695 | Protea acaulos | South Africa | NA | EU552155 | NA |
Strickeria kochii | C138 | Robinia pseudoacacia | Austria | NA | KT949917 | NA |
Str. kochii | C143 | Robinia pseudoacacia | Austria | NA | KT949918 | NA |
Discosia neofraxinea | MFLU 15-0375 * | Fagus sylvatica | Italy | KR072672 | KR072673 | NA |
Dis. fraxinea | NTIT469 | Dead leaf | Italy | KF827439 | KF827435 | KF827472 |
Dis. brasiliensis | NTCL097-2 | Dead leaf | Thailand | KF827438 | KF827434 | KF827471 |
Dis. brasiliensis | NTCL095 | Dead leaf | Thailand | KF827437 | KF827433 | KF827470 |
Dis. brasiliensis | NTCL094-2 | Dead leaf | Thailand | KF827436 | KF827432 | KF827469 |
Dis. pini | MAFF 410149 | Pinus densiflora | Japan | AB593708 | AB594776 | AB594174 |
Dis. celtidis | MFLU 18-2581 | Celtis formosana | Taiwan | MW114406 | MW114327 | NA |
Dis. rubi | CBS 143893 | Rubus phoenicolasius | USA | MH554334 | MH554131 | MH554804 |
Dis. pseudoartocreas | CPC 21117 | Tilia sp. | Austria | KF777214 | KF777161 | NA |
Dis. pseudoartocreas | CBS 136438 | NA | Austria | MH877640 | MH866098 | MH554672 |
Dis. aff. artocreas | NBRC 8975 | Poa pratensis | Japan | AB593705 | AB594773 | AB594172 |
Dis. querci | MFLUCC 16-0642 | Quercus sp. | United Kingdom | MG815830 | MG815829 | NA |
Discosia sp. | KT2188 | Unknown leaves | Japan | AB593713 | AB594781 | AB594179 |
Discosia sp. | KT2192 | Unknown leaves | Japan | AB593714 | AB594782 | AB594180 |
Dis. italica | MFLU 14-0298C | Fagus sylvatica | Italy | KM678044 | KM678041 | NA |
Dis. italica | MFLU 14-0298B | Fagus sylvatica | Italy | KM678046 | KM678043 | NA |
Dis. fagi | MFLU 14-0299A | Fagus sylvatica | Italy | KM678048 | KM678040 | NA |
Dis. fagi | MFLU 14-0299B | Fagus sylvatica | Italy | KM678047 | KM678039 | NA |
Dis. fici | MFLU 19-2704 | Ficus septica | Taiwan | MW114409 | MW114330 | NA |
Dis. macrozamiae | CPC 32113 | Macrozamia miquelii | Australia | MH327855 | MH327819 | MH327894 |
Adisciso yakushimensis | MAFF 242774 * | Symplocos prunifolia | Japan | AB593721 | AB594789 | AB594187 |
Adi. tricellularis | NBRC 32705 | Rhododendron indicum | Japan | AB593728 | AB594796 | AB594188 |
Immersidiscosia eucalypti | KT2091 | Quercus myrsinifolia | Japan | AB593722 | AB594790 | NA |
Imm. eucalypti | KT2191 | Unknown leaves | Japan | AB593725 | AB594793 | NA |
Imm. eucalypti | KT2115 | Quercus myrsinifolia | Japan | AB593723 | AB594791 | NA |
Ciliochorella mangiferae | MFLUCC 12-0310 | Dead leaf | Thailand | KF827445 | KF827444 | KF827478 |
C. castaneae | HHUF:28800 | Fraxinus lanuginosa, Viburnum dilatatum, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Kalopanax pictus, Fagus crenata, Betula ermanii, Pteridium aquilinum | Japan | AB433278 | NA | NA |
C. castaneae | HHUF:28799 | Fraxinus lanuginosa, Viburnum dilatatum, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Kalopanax pictus, Fagus crenata and Betula ermanii, as well as on a fern, Pteridium aquilinum | Japan | AB433277 | NA | NA |
C. phanericola | MFLUCC 14-0984 | Dead leaves of Phanera purpurea | Thailand | KX789681 | KX789680 | KX789682 |
C. dipterocarpi | MFLUCC 22-0132 | Dipterocarpus alatus | Thailand | OP912990 | OP912991 | OQ127637 |
C. dipterocarpi | MFLUCC 23-0023 | Dipterocarpus alatus | Thailand | OQ657981 | OQ657982 | OQ657298 |
P. versicolor | BRIP 14534 | Psidium guajava | Australia | AF382357 | AF405298 | NA |
P. parva | CBS 278.35 | Leucothoe fontanesiana | NA | KM116205 | KM199313 | KM199405 |
Species | Isolate | Host/Substrate | Country | LSU | ITS | rpb2 | tef1-a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dis. tricellularis | NBRC 32705 | Rhododendron indicum | Japan | NG_042334 | NR_119411 | NA | NA |
Dis. yakushimensis | HHUF 29671 * | Symplocos prunifolia | Japan | AB593721 | AB594789 | NA | NA |
Bartalinia robillardoides | CBS 122705 * | Callistemon speciosus | Italy | AF382366 | AF405301 | NA | NA |
Bar. rosicola | MFLUCC 17-0645 * | Rosa canina | Italy | MG828988 | MG828872 | NA | NA |
Broomella rosae | MFLU 16-0244 | Rosa canina | Italy | MG828990 | MG828874 | NA | NA |
Bro. vitalbae | MFLUCC 15-0023 | Clematis vitalba | Italy | KP757751 | KP757755 | NA | KP757763 |
Dis. artocreas | NBRC 8975 | Poa pratensis | Japan | AB593705 | AB594773 | NA | NA |
Dis. pini | MAFF 410149 | Pinus densiflora | Japan | AB593708 | AB594776 | NA | NA |
Hyalotiella spartii | MFLUCC 15-0024 | Spartium junceum | Italy | KP757753 | KP757757 | NA | NA |
Hymenopleella hippophaeicola | CBS 140410 * | Hippophaë rhamnoides | Austria | NG_064296 | NR_154078 | MH554919 | MH554436 |
Imm. eucalypti | MFLU 16-1372 | Quercus sp. | Italy | AB593722 | AB594790 | NA | NA |
Monochaetia kansensis | PSHI2004Endo1030 | Rhododendron sp. | India | DQ534035 | DQ534044 | NA | NA |
Mon. monochaeta | CBS 191.82 | AF382370 | NA | NA | |||
Morinia acaciae | CBS 137994 * | Prunus salicinacv. ‘Omega’ | New Zealand | MH554221 | MH554002 | MH554914 | MH554431 |
Mor. pestalozzioides | F-090354 | Sedum sediforme | Spain | NA | AY929325 | NA | AY929314 |
Neopestalotiopsis protearum | CBS 114178 * | Leucospermum cunciforme | Zimbabwe | NA | LT853103 | MH554873 | KM199542 |
Neo. rosae | CBS 101057 * | Rosae sp. | New Zealand | KM116245 | KM199359 | MH554850 | KM199523 |
P. knightiae | CBS 114138 * | Knightia sp. | New Zealand | KM116227 | KM199310 | MH554870 | KM199497 |
P. malayana | CBS 102220 * | Macaranga triloba | Malaysia | KM116238 | KM199306 | NA | KM199482 |
Pseudopestalotiopsis cocos | CBS 272.29 * | Cocos nucifera | Indonesia | KM116276 | KM199378 | MH554938 | KM199553 |
Pse. theae | MFLUCC 12-0055 * | Camellia sinensis | Thailand | NA | NR_111716 | NA | NA |
Robillarda africana | CBS 122.75 * | NA | South Africa | KR873281 | KR873253 | MH554896 | MH554414 |
Rob. australiana | CBS 143882 * | NA | Australia | MH554301 | MH554091 | MH555005 | MH554525 |
Rob. australiana | MFLUCC 22-0121 | Dipterocarpus alatus | Thailand | OP906280 | OP906277 | OQ127641 | OQ127640 |
Rob. mangiferae | KUMCC 18-0180 * | Mangifera | Yunnan, China | MK353086 | MK353084 | NA | NA |
Rob. roystoneae | CBS 115445 * | Roystonea regia | Hong Kong | KR873282 | KR873254 | MH554880 | KR873310 |
Rob. sessilis | CBS 101440 | Heterodera glycines | USA | NA | KR873255 | NA | KR873311 |
Rob. sohagensis | CBS H–23861 | Phoenix dactylifera | Egypt | NA | NA | NA | |
Robillarda sp. | CPC 25020 | NA | NA | KR873287 | KR873259 | NA | KR873315 |
Robillarda sp. | MS9788 | NA | NA | LC309276 | NA | NA | |
Rob. terrae | CBS 587.71 * | Soil | India | KJ710459 | KJ710484 | MH554971 | MH554493 |
Rob. aquatica | MFLUCC 21–0217 | Decaying wood submerged in freshwater | Thailand | NA | OL504777 | NA | NA |
Se. rosae | MFLUCC 14-0621 * | Rosa sp. | Russia | NA | LT853105 | LT853153 | LT853203 |
Sporocadus rosigena | MFLU 16-0239 * | Rosa canina | Italy | MG829069 | MG828958 | NA | NA |
Se. rosicola | MFLUCC 15-0564 | Rosa canina | Italy | MG829070 | MG828959 | NA | NA |
Seiridium marginatum | CBS 140404 * | Rosa canina | Austria | MH878681 | NA | NA | NA |
Seir. phylicae | CPC 19965 | Phylica arborea | Tristan da Cunha | KC005809 | KC005787 | LT853141 | LT853190 |
Seri. marginatum | CBS 140403 | Rosa canina | France | NG_064297 | NR_156602 | LT853149 | LT853199 |
Seri. marginatum | SEI | Rosa canina | France | NA | KT949915 | NA | NA |
Strickeria kochii | C138 | Robinia pseudoacacia | Austria | NA | KT949917 | NA | NA |
Stri. kochii | CBS 140411 * | Austria | NG_064298 | NR_154423 | MH554920 | MH554437 | |
Truncatella hartigii | CBS 118148 | Rhodocoma capensis | South Africa | DQ278928 | DQ278913 | MH554888 | MH554406 |
Tru. restionacearum | CMW 18755 | Restio filiformis | South Africa | DQ278929 | DQ278915 | NA | NA |
Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum | CBS 111689 | Eucalyptus nitens | Australia | KF251708 | KF251205 | KF252210 | KF253161 |
Phlo. uniforme | CBS 131312 * | Eucalyptus cypellocarpa | Australia | JQ044445 | JQ044426 | MH554910 | MH704609 |
Taxa | Evolutionary Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | LSU | tub2 | tef1-a | rpb2 | |
Pestalotiopsis | TIM3 + I + G | HKY + I + G | TIM2 + I + G | ||
Ciliochorella | SYM + I + G | TIM2 + I + G | HKY + I + G | ||
Robillarda | TPM3uf + I + G | TIM2 + I + G | TIM2 + G | TIM2 + G |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Samaradiwakara, N.P.; de Farias, A.R.G.; Tennakoon, D.S.; Aluthmuhandiram, J.V.S.; Bhunjun, C.S.; Chethana, K.W.T.; Kumla, J.; Lumyong, S. Appendage-Bearing Sordariomycetes from Dipterocarpus alatus Leaf Litter in Thailand. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060625
Samaradiwakara NP, de Farias ARG, Tennakoon DS, Aluthmuhandiram JVS, Bhunjun CS, Chethana KWT, Kumla J, Lumyong S. Appendage-Bearing Sordariomycetes from Dipterocarpus alatus Leaf Litter in Thailand. Journal of Fungi. 2023; 9(6):625. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060625
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamaradiwakara, Nethmini P., Antonio Roberto Gomes de Farias, Danushka S. Tennakoon, Janith V. S. Aluthmuhandiram, Chitrabhanu S. Bhunjun, K. W. Thilini Chethana, Jaturong Kumla, and Saisamorn Lumyong. 2023. "Appendage-Bearing Sordariomycetes from Dipterocarpus alatus Leaf Litter in Thailand" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 6: 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060625