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Article

Metaprofiling of the Bacterial Community in Colonized Compost Extracts by Agaricus subrufescens

by
Matheus Rodrigo Iossi
1,
Isabela Arruda Palú
2,
Douglas Moraes Soares
3,
Wagner G. Vieira, Jr.
1,
Lucas Silva Alves
1,
Cassius V. Stevani
3,
Cinthia E. C. Caitano
1,
Samir V. F. Atum
3,4,
Renato S. Freire
3,
Eustáquio S. Dias
5 and
Diego Cunha Zied
2,*
1
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
2
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas (FCAT), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo 17900-000, Brazil
3
Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
4
Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
5
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2022, 8(10), 995; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8100995
Submission received: 23 August 2022 / Revised: 15 September 2022 / Accepted: 19 September 2022 / Published: 22 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Edible and Medicinal Macrofungi)
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Abstract

It is well-known that bacteria and fungi play important roles in the relationships between mycelium growth and the formation of fruiting bodies. The sun mushroom, Agaricus subrufescens, was discovered in Brazil ca. 1960 and it has become known worldwide due to its medicinal and nutritional properties. This work evaluated the bacterial community present in mushroom-colonized compost extract (MCCE) prepared from cultivation of A. subrufescens, its dynamics with two different soaking times and the influence of the application of those extracts on the casing layer of a new compost block for A. subrufescens cultivation. MCCEs were prepared through initial submersion of the colonized compost for 1 h or 24 h in water followed by application on casing under semi-controlled conditions. Full-length 16S rRNA genes of 1 h and 24 h soaked MCCE were amplified and sequenced using nanopore technology. Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes and Planctomycetes, were found to be the most abundant phyla in both the 1 h and 24 h soaked MCCE. A total of 275 different bacterial species were classified from 1 h soaked MCCE samples and 166 species from 24 h soaked MCCE, indicating a decrease in the bacterial diversity with longer soaking time during the preparation of MCCE. The application of 24 h soaked MCCE provided increases of 25% in biological efficiency, 16% in precociousness, 53% in the number of mushrooms and 40% in mushroom weight compared to control. Further investigation is required to determine strategies to enhance the yield and quality of the agronomic traits in commercial mushroom cultivation.
Keywords: Agaricus blazei; metagenomics; microbiomics; mushroom production; 16S rDNA; nanopore sequencing Agaricus blazei; metagenomics; microbiomics; mushroom production; 16S rDNA; nanopore sequencing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Iossi, M.R.; Palú, I.A.; Soares, D.M.; Vieira, W.G., Jr.; Alves, L.S.; Stevani, C.V.; Caitano, C.E.C.; Atum, S.V.F.; Freire, R.S.; Dias, E.S.; et al. Metaprofiling of the Bacterial Community in Colonized Compost Extracts by Agaricus subrufescens. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 995. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8100995

AMA Style

Iossi MR, Palú IA, Soares DM, Vieira WG Jr., Alves LS, Stevani CV, Caitano CEC, Atum SVF, Freire RS, Dias ES, et al. Metaprofiling of the Bacterial Community in Colonized Compost Extracts by Agaricus subrufescens. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(10):995. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8100995

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iossi, Matheus Rodrigo, Isabela Arruda Palú, Douglas Moraes Soares, Wagner G. Vieira, Jr., Lucas Silva Alves, Cassius V. Stevani, Cinthia E. C. Caitano, Samir V. F. Atum, Renato S. Freire, Eustáquio S. Dias, and et al. 2022. "Metaprofiling of the Bacterial Community in Colonized Compost Extracts by Agaricus subrufescens" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 10: 995. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8100995

APA Style

Iossi, M. R., Palú, I. A., Soares, D. M., Vieira, W. G., Jr., Alves, L. S., Stevani, C. V., Caitano, C. E. C., Atum, S. V. F., Freire, R. S., Dias, E. S., & Zied, D. C. (2022). Metaprofiling of the Bacterial Community in Colonized Compost Extracts by Agaricus subrufescens. Journal of Fungi, 8(10), 995. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8100995

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