When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Documented Mucormycosis (n = 41, 95%) i | ||
---|---|---|
Sex–Male, n (%) | 34 (83) | |
Age (in years) median (IQR) | 55 (46–61) | |
Presence of risk factors for severe COVID-19, n(%) | 40 (98) | |
EORTC risk factors, n (%) | 2 (5) | |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) ii | 33 (94) | |
HbA1C (mean, SD) iii | 10.5 (4.4) | |
Presence of DKA on admission, n (%) iv | 8 (44) | |
Renal failure, n (%) v | 5 (83) | |
COVID-19 severity vi | Mild, n (%) | 1 (5) |
Severe, n (%) | 13 (59) | |
Critical, n (%) | 8 (36) | |
ICU admission vii | 15 (68) | |
Systemic corticosteroids, n (%) | 36 (88) | |
Timing of mucormycosis diagnosis | ||
Concurrent, n (%) | 16 (39) | |
Sequential, n (%) | 25 (61) | |
Clinical syndrome, n (%) | Rhino-orbital-cerebral | 11 (27) |
Rhino-orbital | 17 (41) | |
Rhino-cerebral | 3 (7) | |
Sinusitis alone | 3 (7) | |
Pneumonia | 3 (7) | |
Other viii | 4 (10) | |
Microbiological diagnosis, n (%) | Stain | 40 ix (98) |
Tissue PCR/Sequencing | 2 (5) | |
Tissue culture | 18(44) | |
Histopathological diagnosis, n (%) x | 31 (76) | |
Genera, n (%) | Rhizopus spp. | 10 (24) |
Lichteimia spp. | 1 (2) | |
Mucor spp | 2 (5) | |
Mucorales, unspecified | 28 (68) | |
Co-infection, n (%) xi | 3 (7) | |
Mucorales-active, anti-fungal treatment, n (%) xii | 38 (93) | |
In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 20 (49) | |
Day of death after MCR diagnosis (mean, SD) xiii | 19, 15 |
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John, T.M.; Jacob, C.N.; Kontoyiannis, D.P. When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040298
John TM, Jacob CN, Kontoyiannis DP. When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(4):298. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040298
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn, Teny M., Ceena N. Jacob, and Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis. 2021. "When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 4: 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040298