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Article

Non-Invasive Mapping of Ventricular Action Potential Reconstructed from Contactless Magnetocardiographic Recordings in Intact and Conscious Guinea Pigs

1
School of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
2
2 Biomagnetism and Clinical Physiology International Center, 00144 Rome, Italy
3
3 Mathematics Area, SISSA—International School for Advanced Studies, 34136 Trieste, Italy
4
General Medicine and Aging Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(9), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12090343 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 26 June 2025 / Revised: 22 August 2025 / Accepted: 1 September 2025 / Published: 6 September 2025

Abstract

Optical mapping, nanotechnology-based multielectrode arrays and automated patch-clamp allow transmembrane voltage mapping with high spatial resolution, as well as L-type calcium and inward rectifier currents measurements using native mammalian cardiomyocytes. However, these methods are limited to in vitro and ex vivo experiments, while magnetocardiography (MCG) might offer a novel approach for non-invasive preclinical safety assessments of new drugs in intact and even conscious rodents by reconstructing the ventricular action potential waveform (rVAPw) from MCG signals. Objective: This study aims to assess the feasibility of rVAPw reconstruction from MCG signals in Guinea pigs (GPs) and validate the results by comparison with simultaneously recorded epicardial ventricular monophasic action potentials (eVMAP). Methods: Unshielded MCG (uMCG) data of 18 GPs, investigated anaesthetized and awake at ages of 5, 14, and 26 months using a 36-channel DC-SQUID system, were analyzed to calculate rVAPw from MCG’s current arrow map. Results: Successful rVAPw reconstruction from averaged MCG showed good alignment with eVMAP waveforms. However, some rVAPw displayed incomplete or distorted repolarization at sites with lower MCG amplitude. Conclusions: 300-s uMCG averaging allowed rVAPw reconstruction in intact GPs. Occasionally distorted rVAPw suggests the need for dedicated MCG devices development, with higher density of optimized vector sensors, and modelling tailored for small animal hearts.
Keywords: magnetocardiography; non-invasive ventricular action potential reconstruction from magnetic signals; monophasic action potential; multimodal imaging of electrophysiologic events; guinea pig; magnetoionography magnetocardiography; non-invasive ventricular action potential reconstruction from magnetic signals; monophasic action potential; multimodal imaging of electrophysiologic events; guinea pig; magnetoionography
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MDPI and ACS Style

Fenici, R.; Picerni, M.; Fenici, P.; Brisinda, D. Non-Invasive Mapping of Ventricular Action Potential Reconstructed from Contactless Magnetocardiographic Recordings in Intact and Conscious Guinea Pigs. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12, 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12090343

AMA Style

Fenici R, Picerni M, Fenici P, Brisinda D. Non-Invasive Mapping of Ventricular Action Potential Reconstructed from Contactless Magnetocardiographic Recordings in Intact and Conscious Guinea Pigs. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2025; 12(9):343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12090343

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fenici, Riccardo, Marco Picerni, Peter Fenici, and Donatella Brisinda. 2025. "Non-Invasive Mapping of Ventricular Action Potential Reconstructed from Contactless Magnetocardiographic Recordings in Intact and Conscious Guinea Pigs" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 12, no. 9: 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12090343

APA Style

Fenici, R., Picerni, M., Fenici, P., & Brisinda, D. (2025). Non-Invasive Mapping of Ventricular Action Potential Reconstructed from Contactless Magnetocardiographic Recordings in Intact and Conscious Guinea Pigs. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 12(9), 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12090343

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