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Volume 12
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Atrioventricular Node Dysfunction in Heart Failure: New Horizons from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Perspectives

by
Isabella Fumarulo
1,2,
Elia Nunzio Maria Salerno
1,2,
Andrea De Prisco
1,2,
Salvatore Emanuele Ravenna
3,
Maria Chiara Grimaldi
2,
Francesco Burzotta
1,2 and
Nadia Aspromonte
1,2,*
1
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
3
Department of Life Science, Health and Health Professions, Università degli Studi Link, 00165 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(8), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12080310
Submission received: 30 June 2025 / Revised: 11 August 2025 / Accepted: 12 August 2025 / Published: 15 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Atrio-Ventricular Node Anatomy and Physiology and on AVNRTs Circuit)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by adverse myocardial remodeling involving both the contractile cardiomyocytes and the conduction tissue. HF is often associated with atrioventricular (AV) node dysfunction, which frequently leads to conduction delays and subsequent dyssynchrony ultimately related to adverse clinical outcomes. Despite its clinical relevance, AV node pathology in HF remains poorly explored. This review aims to investigate the pathophysiology underlying AV node dysfunction and the clinical implications for patients with HF, and to provide an overview of current therapeutic approaches, including an analysis of potential future treatments.
Keywords: heart failure; atrioventricular node; cardiac resynchronization therapy heart failure; atrioventricular node; cardiac resynchronization therapy

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Fumarulo, I.; Salerno, E.N.M.; De Prisco, A.; Ravenna, S.E.; Grimaldi, M.C.; Burzotta, F.; Aspromonte, N. Atrioventricular Node Dysfunction in Heart Failure: New Horizons from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Perspectives. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12, 310. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12080310

AMA Style

Fumarulo I, Salerno ENM, De Prisco A, Ravenna SE, Grimaldi MC, Burzotta F, Aspromonte N. Atrioventricular Node Dysfunction in Heart Failure: New Horizons from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Perspectives. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2025; 12(8):310. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12080310

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fumarulo, Isabella, Elia Nunzio Maria Salerno, Andrea De Prisco, Salvatore Emanuele Ravenna, Maria Chiara Grimaldi, Francesco Burzotta, and Nadia Aspromonte. 2025. "Atrioventricular Node Dysfunction in Heart Failure: New Horizons from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Perspectives" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 12, no. 8: 310. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12080310

APA Style

Fumarulo, I., Salerno, E. N. M., De Prisco, A., Ravenna, S. E., Grimaldi, M. C., Burzotta, F., & Aspromonte, N. (2025). Atrioventricular Node Dysfunction in Heart Failure: New Horizons from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Perspectives. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 12(8), 310. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12080310

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