Oral Frailty as a Risk Factor for Fall Incidents among Community-Dwelling People
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Kihon Checklist
2.4. Other Items
2.5. Step Counts
2.6. Data Acquisition from Osaka Prefecture
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | 50–59 yrs. | 60–69 yrs. | 70 or Older | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 7591 | 3224 | 3096 | 1271 | ||
Age | (yrs.) | 61.6 ± 7.3 | 54.5 ± 2.8 | 64.6 ± 2.8 # (95% CI: 9.9–10.2) | 72.5 ± 2.7 # (95% CI: 17.7–18.1) | <0.001 |
(range) | 50–88 | 50–59 | 60–69 | 70–88 | ||
Gender | (male/female) | 3021/4570 (39.8%/60.2%) | 1121/2103 (34.8%/65.2%) | 1247/1849 (40.3%/59.7%) | 653/618 (51.4%/48.6%) | <0.001 * |
BMI | (kg/m2) | 22.4 ± 3.1 | 22.5 ± 3.4 | 22.4 ± 3.0 (95% CI: −0.3–0.1) | 22.4 ± 2.7 (95% CI: −0.3–0.2) | 0.377 |
Number of steps | (steps/day) | 6940 ± 4383 | 6852 ± 4242 | 6956 ± 4363 (95% CI: −148–355) | 7123 ± 4767 (95% CI: −62–603) | 0.188 |
Exercise habits | (yes/no) | 6124/1467 (80.7%/19.3%) | 2295/929 (71.2%/28.8%) | 2675/421 (86.4%/13.6%) | 1154/117 (90.8%/9.2%) | <0.001 * |
Awareness of frailty | (do not know/have heard the word before /know a little /know well) | 3837/1305/1324/1125 (50.5%/17.2%/17.4%/14.8%) | 1801/508/507/408 (55.9%/15.8%/15.7%/12.7%) | 1505/555/556/480 (48.6%/17.9%/18.0%/15.5%) | 531/242/261/237 (41.8%/19.0%/20.5%/18.6%) | <0.001 * |
Comprehensive frailty | (yes/no) | 2131/5460 (28.1%/71.9%) | 967/2257 (30.0%/70.0%) | 832/2264 (26.9%/73.1%) | 332/939 (26.1%/73.9%) | 0.005 * |
Physical frailty | (yes/no) | 504/7087 (6.6%/93.4%) | 194/3030 (6.0%/94.0%) | 198/2898 (6.4%/93.6%) | 112/1159 (8.8%/91.2%) | 0.002 * |
Oral frailty | (yes/no) | 1275/6316 (16.8%/83.2%) | 478/2746 (14.8%/85.2%) | 537/2559 (17.3%/82.7%) | 260/1011 (20.5%/79.5%) | <0.001 * |
Fall incidence in the past year | (yes/no) | 1417/6174 (18.7%/81.3%) | 651/2573 (20.2%/79.8%) | 534/2562 (17.2%/82.8%) | 232/1039 (18.3%/81.7%) | 0.010 * |
Fall Incidents in the Past Year | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (No-Fall Group) | Yes (Fall-Group) | p Value | Cohen’s d | ||
Age | (yrs.) | 61.7 ± 7.3 | 61.2 ± 7.2 | 0.022 | −0.067 |
Gender | (male/female) | 2478/3696 | 543/874 | 0.208 * | --- |
BMI | (kg/m2) | 22.4 ± 3.1 | 22.6 ± 3.3 | 0.001 | 0.095 |
Number of steps | (steps/day) | 6845 ± 4262 | 7355 ± 4858 | <0.001 | 0.117 |
Exercise habits | (yes/no) | 5018/1156 | 1106/311 | 0.006 * | --- |
Awareness of frailty | (do not know/have heard the word before/know a little/know well) | 3035/1082/1104/953 | 802/223/220/172 | <0.001 * | --- |
Number of applicable items in KCL | (items/25 items) | 4.8 ± 3.0 | 6.4 ± 3.6 | <0.001 | 0.493 |
Physical frailty | (yes/no) | 294/5880 | 210/1207 | <0.001 * | --- |
Oral frailty | (yes/no) | 937/5237 | 338/1079 | <0.001 * | --- |
aOR | 95% CI | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | yrs. | 0.990 | 0.982–0.998 | 0.019 |
Gender (female) | 1 = male, 2 = female | 1.135 | 0.998–1.290 | 0.053 |
BMI | kg/m2 | 1.018 | 0.998–1.038 | 0.073 |
Exercise habit | 0 = no 1 = yes | 1.010 | 0.869–1.174 | 0.897 |
Awareness of frailty | 1 = do not know 2 = have heard the word before 3 = know a little 4 = know well | (1 as the reference) 0.801 0.799 0.754 | 0.678–0.947 0.675–0.945 0.627–0.908 | 0.009 0.009 0.003 |
Physical frailty | 0 = no 1 = yes | 3.057 | 2.514–3.718 | <0.001 |
Oral frailty | 0 = no 1 = yes | 1.553 | 1.342–1.797 | <0.001 |
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Yokoyama, H.; Kitano, Y. Oral Frailty as a Risk Factor for Fall Incidents among Community-Dwelling People. Geriatrics 2024, 9, 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9020054
Yokoyama H, Kitano Y. Oral Frailty as a Risk Factor for Fall Incidents among Community-Dwelling People. Geriatrics. 2024; 9(2):54. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9020054
Chicago/Turabian StyleYokoyama, Hisayo, and Yugo Kitano. 2024. "Oral Frailty as a Risk Factor for Fall Incidents among Community-Dwelling People" Geriatrics 9, no. 2: 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9020054
APA StyleYokoyama, H., & Kitano, Y. (2024). Oral Frailty as a Risk Factor for Fall Incidents among Community-Dwelling People. Geriatrics, 9(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9020054