A Novel Approach to Assess Balneotherapy Effects on Musculoskeletal Diseases—An Open Interventional Trial Combining Physiological Indicators, Biomarkers, and Patients’ Health Perception
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Patients, and Sample Collection
2.2. Balneotherapy
Physicochemical Properties | |
---|---|
Conductivity (to 20 °C) | 2320 µS/cm |
pH (to 20 °C) | 6.9 |
Dry residue to 180 °C | 1744 mg/L |
Hardness (to p.p. 105 CaCO3) | 7.4 mg/L CaCO3 |
Alkalinity (mL/L de HCl 0.1 M) | 288.9 mL/L HCl 0.1 M |
Anions | mg/L |
HCO3− | 1762 |
Cl− | 36 |
SO42− | 21 |
F− | 8.3 |
PO43− | 0.22 |
Cations | mg/L |
Na+ | 623 |
K+ | 65 |
Ca2+ | 22 |
Mg2+ | 5.5 |
Fe2+ | 0.17 |
Mineral concentration (mg/L) | 2625 |
CO2 dissolved (mg/L) | 600 |
2.3. Instruments
2.4. Determination of Circulating Concentration of Inflammatory Biomarkers
2.5. Wearable Sensing Device
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 28) | |
---|---|
Age (mean ± SD) | 56.07 ± 9.641 |
Gender, n (%) | |
Male | 6 (21.4) |
Female | 22 (78.6) |
Marital status, n (%) | |
Single | 2 (7.2) |
Married/Consensual union | 22 (78.6) |
Divorced/widower | 4 (14.2) |
Education, n (%) | |
Less than high school | 12 (42.9) |
High school | 6 (21.4) |
Graduated | 10 (35.7) |
Employment status, n (%) | |
Unemployed | 1 (3.7) |
Pensioner/Retired | 5 (17.9) |
Employed | 17 (60.7) |
Self-employed | 5 (17.9) |
Private household, n (%) | |
1 | 2 (7.1) |
2 | 14 (50.0) |
3 | 10 (35.8) |
4 | 2 (7.1) |
Instruments | Pre-Treatment | Post-Treatment | Difference (95% CI) | Effect Size (d) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5Q-5D-5L | 0.780 (±0.236) | 0.917 (±0.114) | 0.137 (0.062, 0.208) | 0.980 | <0.001 |
EQ-VAS | 67.857 (±17.020) | 81.786 (±10.560) | 13.929 (7.081, 20.775) | 0.789 | <0.001 |
EUROHIS-QOL | 68.192 (±12.149) | 72.545 (±9.711) | 4.353 (0.842, 7.864) | 0.581 | 0.017 |
B-IPQ | 37.536 (±6.010) | 28.643 (±4.653) | −8.893 (−13.209, −4.577) | 0.799 | <0.001 |
BaSIQS | 13.071 (±8.750) | 9.107 (±9.708) | −3.964 (−5.769, −2.159) | 0.852 | <0.001 |
HAQ-DI | 0.268 (±0.431) | 0.112 (±0.305) | −0.156 (−0.292, −0.021) | 0.747 | 0.019 |
Week-1 | Week-2 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of steps | 9900.541 (±4276.198) | 9498.555 (±4508.623) | 0.399 |
Heart rate | 72.172 (±6.316) | 71.146 (±6.243) | 0.557 |
Deep sleep (minutes) | 93.714 (±34.961) | 99.429 (±38.159) | 0.290 |
Light sleep (minutes) | 352.311 (±56.664) | 362.979 (±53.320) | 0.225 |
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Silva, J.; Martins, J.; Nicomédio, C.; Gonçalves, C.; Palito, C.; Gonçalves, R.; Fernandes, P.O.; Nunes, A.; Alves, M.J. A Novel Approach to Assess Balneotherapy Effects on Musculoskeletal Diseases—An Open Interventional Trial Combining Physiological Indicators, Biomarkers, and Patients’ Health Perception. Geriatrics 2023, 8, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8030055
Silva J, Martins J, Nicomédio C, Gonçalves C, Palito C, Gonçalves R, Fernandes PO, Nunes A, Alves MJ. A Novel Approach to Assess Balneotherapy Effects on Musculoskeletal Diseases—An Open Interventional Trial Combining Physiological Indicators, Biomarkers, and Patients’ Health Perception. Geriatrics. 2023; 8(3):55. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8030055
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilva, Jani, José Martins, Cristina Nicomédio, Catarina Gonçalves, Cátia Palito, Ramiro Gonçalves, Paula Odete Fernandes, Alcina Nunes, and Maria José Alves. 2023. "A Novel Approach to Assess Balneotherapy Effects on Musculoskeletal Diseases—An Open Interventional Trial Combining Physiological Indicators, Biomarkers, and Patients’ Health Perception" Geriatrics 8, no. 3: 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8030055