Communication Ecology Model of Successful Aging in Indonesian Context
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods and Measure
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Variables | Number of Items | α | M | SD | KMO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uncertainty | 3 | 0.85 | 1.34 | 1.99 | 0.73 |
Negative Effect about Aging | 4 | 0.83 | 2.01 | 0.66 | 0.86 |
Positive Effect about Aging | 6 | 0.87 | 3.20 | 0.79 | 0.81 |
Self-categorization as old, or attributing behavior to old age | 3 | 0.98 | 1.40 | 2.18 | 0.85 |
Expressing optimism about the aging process | 2 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.26 | 0.50 |
Collusion in categorizing and teasing others | 3 | 0.98 | 1.60 | 1.59 | 0.79 |
Resisting mediated images of age and peddlers of anti-aging products | 3 | 0.98 | 1.80 | 2.09 | 0.82 |
Planning for future care needs | 3 | 0.99 | 2.10 | 1.81 | 0.80 |
Use of emerging communication technologies | 3 | 0.97 | 2.22 | 1.65 | 0.83 |
Managing being the recipient of ageism | 4 | 0.98 | 2.40 | 1.85 | 0.87 |
Efficacy | 5 | 0.96 | 2.20 | 1.47 | 0.80 |
Successful Aging | 6 | 0.99 | 2.30 | 1.37 | 0.86 |
Variables | Bartlett Test of Sphericity | Higher Scores Denote | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Approx. Chi Square | df. | Sig. | ||
Uncertainty | 1268.21 | 3 | 0.00 | Greater uncertainty |
Negative Effect about Aging | 2834.78 | 6 | 0.00 | More positive effect |
Positive Effect about Aging | 1903.51 | 10 | 0.00 | More negative effect |
Self-categorization as old, or attributing behavior to old age | 302.58 | 3 | 0.00 | Greater self-categorization |
Expressing optimism about the aging process | 950.64 | 1 | 0.00 | Greater expressed optimism |
Collusion in categorizing and teasing others | 345.40 | 3 | 0.00 | Greater collusion/teasing |
Resisting mediated images of age and peddlers of anti-aging products | 826.99 | 3 | 0.00 | Greater literacy/resistance |
Planning for future care needs | 604.58 | 3 | 0.00 | More planning for care |
Use of emerging communication technologies | 976.94 | 3 | 0.00 | More use of communication technologies |
Managing being the recipient of ageism | 1067.47 | 6 | 0.00 | Greater ability to manage ageism |
Efficacy | 2107.81 | 10 | 0.00 | Greater efficacy |
Successful Aging | 4633.47 | 15 | 0.00 | More successful aging |
Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uncertainty | 1 | |||||||||||
Negative Effect about Aging | 0.061 | 1 | ||||||||||
Positive Effect about Aging | −0.116 ** | −0.606 ** | 1 | |||||||||
Self-categorization as old, or attributing behavior to old age | 0.067 | 0.365 ** | −0.486 ** | 1 | ||||||||
Expressing optimism about the aging process | 0.191 ** | 0.355 ** | −0.461 ** | 0.893 ** | 1 | |||||||
Collusion in categorizing and teasing others | 0.025 | 0.326 ** | −0.113 ** | 0.653 ** | 0.562 ** | 1 | ||||||
Resisting mediated images of age and peddlers of anti-aging products | 0.083 * | 0.212 ** | 0.003 | 0.566 ** | 0.522 ** | 0.927 ** | 1 | |||||
Planning for future care needs | 0.320 ** | 0.009 | −0.074 | 0.462 ** | 0.505 ** | 0.645 ** | 0.691 ** | 1 | ||||
Use of emerging communication technologies | −0.391 ** | −0.382 ** | 0.496 ** | −0.416 ** | −0.301 ** | −0.352 ** | −0.246 ** | −0.037 | 1 | |||
Managing being the recipient of ageism | 0.173 ** | 0.172 ** | −0.044 | 0.582 ** | 0.579 ** | 0.896 ** | 0.956 ** | 0.843 ** | −0.212 ** | 1 | ||
Efficacy | −0.210 ** | −0.379 ** | 0.518 ** | −0.483 ** | −0.401 ** | −0.464 ** | −0.336 ** | −0.152 ** | 0.750 ** | −0.333 ** | 1 | |
Successful Aging | −0.198 ** | −0.394 ** | 0.575 ** | −0.499 ** | −0.401 ** | −0.457 ** | −0.312 ** | −0.164 ** | 0.737 ** | −0.321 ** | 0.989 ** | 1 |
Communication about Aging | χ2 | p | CFI | RMSEA | SRMR | Comm. about Aging | Negative Effect | Positive Effect | Efficacy | Successful Aging |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-categorization as old, or attributing behavior to old age | 12.66 | 0.01 | 98 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.94 |
Expressing optimism about the aging process | 12.88 | 0.01 | 98 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.48 | 0.01 | 0.49 | 0.94 |
Collusion in categorizing and teasing others | 14.24 | 0.02 | 98 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.45 | 0.06 | 0.30 | 0.73 | 0.94 |
Resisting mediated images of age and peddlers of anti-aging products | 13.12 | 0.02 | 98 | 0.02 | 0.02 | −0.14 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.50 | 0.94 |
Planning for future care needs | 14.01 | 0.03 | 99 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.68 | 0.94 |
Use of emerging communication technologies | 14.01 | 0.04 | 97 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.94 |
Managing being the recipient of ageism | 14.03 | 0.03 | 98 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.43 | 0.94 |
Communication about Aging Domains | Hypothesized Paths | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uncertainty → Communication about Aging | Uncertainty → Positive Effect | Uncertainty → Negative Effect | Uncertainty → Efficacy | Communication about Aging → Positive Effect | Communication about Aging → Negative Effect | Communication about Aging → Efficacy | Positive Effect → Efficacy | Negative Effect → Efficacy | Efficacy → Successful Aging | |
Self-categorization as old, or attributing behavior to old age | 0.67 ** | −0.25 ** | 0.51 ** | −0.27 ** | 0.51 ** | −0.25 ** | 0.68 ** | 0.27 ** | −0.20 * | 0.97 ** |
Expressing optimism about the aging process | 0.49 ** | −0.29 ** | 0.54 ** | −0.26 ** | −0.29 ** | 0.25 ** | 0.12 * | 0.53 ** | −0.40 * | 0.97 ** |
Collusion in categorizing and teasing others | 0.67 ** | 0.05 | 0.01 | −0.04 | 0.51 ** | −0.25 ** | 0.79 ** | 0.27 ** | −0.20 * | 0.97 ** |
Resisting mediated images of age and peddlers of anti-aging products | 0.38 ** | −0.20 ** | 0.38 ** | −0.26 ** | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.22 ** | 0.48 ** | −0.40 * | 0.97 ** |
Planning for future care needs | 0.68 ** | −0.11 * | 0.22 ** | −0.04 | 0.28 ** | −0.10 * | 0.56 ** | 0.38 ** | −0.15 * | 0.97 ** |
Use of emerging communication technologies | 0.48 ** | −0.12 * | 0.19 * | −0.30 ** | 0.45 ** | −0.10 * | 0.14 * | 0.44 ** | −0.30 * | 0.97 ** |
Managing being the recipient of ageism | 0.58 ** | −0.14 * | 0.27 ** | −0.25 ** | 0.51 ** | −0.06 | 0.25 ** | 0.42 ** | −0.30 * | 0.97 ** |
Communication about Aging Domains | Single Mediation Models | Serial Mediation Models | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Via Efficacy | p | Via Negative Effect and Efficacy | p | Via Positive Effect and Efficacy | p | |
Self-categorization as old, or attributing behavior to old age | −0.04 | 0.14 | −0.00 | 0.12 | −0.07 | 0.22 |
Expressing optimism about the aging process | 0.13 | 0.01 | −0.00 | 0.10 | −0.15 | 0.21 |
Collusion in categorizing and teasing others | 0.69 | 0.001 | −0.00 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.001 |
Resisting mediated images of age and peddlers of anti-aging products | 0.21 | 0.01 | −0.00 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.42 |
Planning for future care needs | 0.54 | 0.001 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.001 |
Use of emerging communication technologies | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.01 |
Managing being the recipient of ageism | 0.40 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.01 |
Variables | Items/Indicators |
---|---|
Demographic profile |
|
Uncertainty |
|
Negative Effect about Aging |
|
Positive Effect about Aging |
|
Self-categorization as old, or attributing behavior to old age |
|
Expressing optimism about the aging process |
|
Collusion in categorizing and teasing others |
|
Resisting mediated images of age and peddlers of anti-aging products |
|
Planning for future care needs |
|
Use of emerging communication technologies |
|
Managing being the recipient of ageism |
|
Efficacy |
|
Successful Aging |
|
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Hypothesis | Statements |
---|---|
H1 | The more uncertainty about aging participants report, the more they (1) self-categorize as old or attribute behavior to old age; (2) express optimism about the aging process; (3) collude in categorizing and teasing others; (4) resist mediated images of age and peddlers of anti-aging products; (5) plan for future care needs; (6) use emerging communication technologies; (7) manage being the recipient of ageism [37]. |
H2 | Uncertainty about aging predicts more negative and less positive emotions about aging [19,37]. |
H3 | Uncertainty about aging and a negative effect regarding growing older are inversely related to aging efficacy, whereas a positive effect toward aging is positively related to aging efficacy [19,37]. |
H4 | The more people (1) self-categorize as old or attribute behavior to old age; (2) express optimism about the aging process; (3) collude in categorizing and teasing others; (4) resist mediated images of age and peddlers of anti-aging products; (5) plan for future care needs; (6) use emerging communication technologies; (7) manage being the recipient of ageism, the more people express a negative effect toward aging, the less they reflect a positive effect and efficacy towards aging [37]. |
H5 | Efficacy is positively associated with successful aging [19,37]. |
H6 | Communication has an indirect effect on successful aging via effect and efficacy [37]. |
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Irwansyah, I. Communication Ecology Model of Successful Aging in Indonesian Context. Geriatrics 2023, 8, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8010003
Irwansyah I. Communication Ecology Model of Successful Aging in Indonesian Context. Geriatrics. 2023; 8(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8010003
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrwansyah, Irwansyah. 2023. "Communication Ecology Model of Successful Aging in Indonesian Context" Geriatrics 8, no. 1: 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8010003
APA StyleIrwansyah, I. (2023). Communication Ecology Model of Successful Aging in Indonesian Context. Geriatrics, 8(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8010003