Screening Methods for Age-Related Hearing Loss in Older Patients with Cancer: A Review of the Literature
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Screening Methods for Age-Related Hearing Loss in Older Patients with Cancer
2.1. Methodology
2.2. Whispered Voice Test
2.3. AudioScope
2.4. Screening Questionnaires
2.5. Pure Tone Audiometry
2.6. Otoacoustic Emissions
2.7. Speech-In-Noise Test
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Test | Screening Method | Ease of Application | Influenced by Background Noise | Test–Retest Reliability | Performance | Cost |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whispered voice testing | Subjective | Quick Easy All published versions use more or less the same methodology Not all versions of the whispered voice test have been validated Words are pronounced live | Yes | Low Test results may be influenced by the experience level of the examiner Difficult to standardise the technique | Good diagnostic performance | Low |
AudioScope | Objective | Quick Easy Allows inspection of the tympanic membrane and auditory canal | Yes | High | Less data available from clinical trials Excellent diagnostic accuracy | High |
Screening questionnaires (e.g., Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly) | Subjective | Self-assessment tool Short version available Validated in several languages | No | High | Individuals may overestimate or underestimate their actual hearing loss Robust and valid test for identifying older persons with a hearing impairment Excellent specificity, but poor sensitivity in older patients with cancer | Low |
Pure tone audiometry | ||||||
- Standard | Objective | Assessment in a sound booth Requires a transfer to the audiology department | No | High test | Gold standard for detecting hearing loss | High |
- eHealth | Objective | Allows bedside screening Several versions available for mobile phones running on Android and iOS software Some applications use calibrated headphones/ear buds, whereas others don’t | Yes | No information | Large variations in diagnostic accuracy | Low |
Otoacoustic emissions | Objective | Automatic test Fast Used as screening method in neonates | Yes | High | Good diagnostic accuracy | High |
Speech-in-noise testing | ||||||
- Standard | Objective | Requires a transfer to the audiology department No absolute calibration necessary | No | High | Good diagnostic performance | Low |
- Digit triplet test | Screening version Quick Allows screening by telephone Language-specific No validated eHealth version available in many languages No absolute calibration necessary | No | High | Excellent diagnostic performance | Low |
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Lycke, M.; Lefebvre, T.; Cool, L.; Van Eygen, K.; Boterberg, T.; Schofield, P.; Debruyne, P.R. Screening Methods for Age-Related Hearing Loss in Older Patients with Cancer: A Review of the Literature. Geriatrics 2018, 3, 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3030048
Lycke M, Lefebvre T, Cool L, Van Eygen K, Boterberg T, Schofield P, Debruyne PR. Screening Methods for Age-Related Hearing Loss in Older Patients with Cancer: A Review of the Literature. Geriatrics. 2018; 3(3):48. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3030048
Chicago/Turabian StyleLycke, Michelle, Tessa Lefebvre, Lieselot Cool, Koen Van Eygen, Tom Boterberg, Patricia Schofield, and Philip R. Debruyne. 2018. "Screening Methods for Age-Related Hearing Loss in Older Patients with Cancer: A Review of the Literature" Geriatrics 3, no. 3: 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3030048