Is Dog Owner Obesity a Risk Factor for Canine Obesity? A “One-Health” Study on Human–Animal Interaction in a Region with a High Prevalence of Obesity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Human Obesity
1.2. Dog Obesity
1.3. Human–Animal Interaction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Dog Owners
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Animals
3.2. Dog Owners
3.3. Human–Animal Interaction
4. Discussion
4.1. Animals
4.2. Dog Owners
4.3. Human–Animal Interaction
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Categories | Normal Dogs = 61 | Overweight/Obese Dogs = 137 | Total (198) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BCS | 4 | 15 (7.6%) | - | 61 (30.8%) | - |
5 | 46 (23.2%) | - | |||
6 | - | 28 (14.1%) | 101 (388%) | ||
7 | - | 45 (22.7%) | |||
8 | - | 46 (23.2%) | 64 (32.3%) | ||
9 | - | 18 (9.1%) | |||
Sex | Females | 28 (24.3%) | 87 (75.7%) * | 115 (58.1%) | 0.016 |
Males | 33 (39.8%) | 50 (60.2%) | 83 (41.9%) | ||
Age | <6 years old | 42 (43.3%) | 55 (56.7%) | 97 (48.9%) | 0.001 |
>6 years old | 19 (18.8%) | 82 (81.2%) * | 101 (51.1%) | ||
Neutering | Not neutered | 56 (33.5%) | 111 (66.5%) | 167 (84.3%) | 0.039 |
Neutered | 5 (16.1%) | 26 (83.9%) * | 31 (15.7%) |
Owner Characteristics | Normal Dogs = 61 | Overweight/Obese Dogs = 137 | Total | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI (>25 kg/m2) | Overweight/obese | 23 (20.2%) | 91 (79.8%) | 114 (57.6%) | <0.001 |
Normal weight | 38 (45.2%) | 46 (54.8%) | 84 (42.4%) | ||
Sex | Women | 28 (33.7%) | 55 (66.3%) | 83 (41.9%) | 0.273 |
Men | 33 (28.7%) | 82 (71.3%) | 115 (58.1%) | ||
Age | <40 years old | 37 (38.5%) | 59 (61.5%) | 96 (48.5%) | 0.016 |
>40 years old | 24 (23.5%) | 78 (76.5%) | 104 (51.5%) | ||
Habitual smoker | Yes | 24 (30.4%) | 55 (69.6%) | 79 (39.9%) | 0.522 |
No | 37 (31.1%) | 82 (68.9%) | 119 (60.1%) | ||
Alcohol intake (2–3 drinks/day) | Yes | 2 (16.5%) | 10 (83.5%) | 12 (6.1%) | 0.226 |
No | 59 (31.7%) | 127 (68.3%) | 186 (93.9%) | ||
Level of education | Non or Basic education | 3 (11.5%) | 23 (88.5%) | 26 (13.1%) | 0.002 |
Secondary or University education | 58 (33.7%) | 114 (66.3%) | 172 (86.9%) | ||
Work situation | Employed | 49 (33.1%) | 99 (66.9%) | 148 (74.7%) | 0.152 |
Unemployed | 12 (24.0%) | 38 (76.0%) | 50 (25.3%) | ||
Physical activity | Yes | 28 (35.4%) | 51 (64.6%) | 79 (39.9%) | 0.020 |
No | 33 (27.7%) | 86 (72.3%) | 119 (60.1%) | ||
Do you think your dog is healthy? | Yes | 61 (34.1%) | 118 (65.9%) | 179 (90.4%) | 0.001 |
No | 0 (0%) | 19 (100%) | 19 (9.6%) |
Owner Variables (Category) | B | SE | Wald | Df | p-Value | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||||||
Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 1.106 | 0.334 | 10.966 | 1 | 0.001 | 3.023 | 1.571 | 5.819 |
Owner age (>40 years old) | 0.397 | 0.364 | 1.194 | 1 | 0.274 | 1.488 | 0.729 | 3.035 |
Employment status (Unemployed) | 0.262 | 0.417 | 0.395 | 1 | 0.530 | 1.300 | 0.574 | 2.946 |
Owner sex (Women) | −0.252 | 0.366 | 0.472 | 1 | 0.492 | 0.777 | 0.379 | 1.594 |
Education of owners (non or basic studies) | 0.189 | 0.305 | 0.385 | 1 | 0.535 | 1.208 | 0.665 | 2.196 |
Smoker (Yes) | 0.234 | 0.356 | 0.433 | 1 | 0.510 | 1.264 | 0.629 | 2.540 |
Frequency of physical activity (No) | 1.278 | 0.262 | 9.935 | 1 | 0.020 | 2.758 | 1.552 | 5.041 |
Constant | −0.099 | 0.826 | 0.014 | 1 | 0.905 | 0.906 |
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Suarez, L.; Bautista-Castaño, I.; Peña Romera, C.; Montoya-Alonso, J.A.; Corbera, J.A. Is Dog Owner Obesity a Risk Factor for Canine Obesity? A “One-Health” Study on Human–Animal Interaction in a Region with a High Prevalence of Obesity. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 243. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050243
Suarez L, Bautista-Castaño I, Peña Romera C, Montoya-Alonso JA, Corbera JA. Is Dog Owner Obesity a Risk Factor for Canine Obesity? A “One-Health” Study on Human–Animal Interaction in a Region with a High Prevalence of Obesity. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(5):243. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050243
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuarez, Lourdes, Inmaculada Bautista-Castaño, Cristina Peña Romera, José Alberto Montoya-Alonso, and Juan Alberto Corbera. 2022. "Is Dog Owner Obesity a Risk Factor for Canine Obesity? A “One-Health” Study on Human–Animal Interaction in a Region with a High Prevalence of Obesity" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 5: 243. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050243