Effects of a Multimodal Approach Using Buprenorphine with/without Meloxicam on Food Intake, Body Weight, Nest Consolidating Behavior, Burrowing Behavior, and Gastrointestinal Tissues in Postoperative Male Mice
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Experimental Setup
2.2. Treatment Groups
2.3. Surgery and Perioperative Care
2.4. Data Collection
2.4.1. Food Intake
2.4.2. Body Weight
2.4.3. Nest Consolidating Behavior
2.4.4. Burrowing Behavior
2.5. Histological Assessment of the Stomach, Duodenum, and Jejunum
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Changes in Food Intake
3.2. Changes in Body Weight
3.3. Nest Consolidating Behavior
3.4. Burrowing Behavior
3.5. Histological Assessment of the Stomach, Duodenum, and Jejunum
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | N + B + M0 S + B + M0 | N + B + M2.5 S + B + M2.5 | N + B + M5 S + B + M5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 post-treatment | Buprenorphine | 0.1 mg/kg (SC) 2 times | 0.1 mg/kg (SC) 2 times | 0.1 mg/kg (SC) 2 times |
Meloxicam | Sterile water for injection (SC) | 2.5 mg/kg (SC) | 5 mg/kg (SC) | |
Bupivacaine | N + B + M0: None S + B + M0: 0.5% (drop) | N + B + M2.5: None S + B + M2.5: 0.5% (drop) | N + B + M5: None S + B + M5: 0.5% (drop) | |
Day 2 post-treatment | Meloxicam | Sterile water for injection (SC) | 2.5 mg/kg (SC) | 5 mg/kg (SC) |
Treatment | N + B + M0 | N + B + M2.5 | N + B + M5 | S + B + M0 | S + B + M2.5 | S + B + M5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day pre-treament | 2 h | 5 (4–5) * | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 4 (4–5) | 4 (2–5) | 4 (3–5) |
4 h | 5 (5–5) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | |
6 h | 5 (5–5) | 4 (4–5) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (5–5) | 5 (3–5) | 4 (4–5) | |
8 h | 5 (5–5) | 4 (4–5) | 4 (4–5) | 5 (5–5) | 5 (3–5) | 5 (4–5) | |
12 h | 5 (5–5) | 4 (4–5) | 4 (4–5) | 5 (5–5) | 5 (3–5) | 5 (4–5) | |
16 h | 5 (5–5) | 5 (5–5) | 4 (4–5) | 5 (5–5) | 5 (3–5) | 5 (5–5) | |
24 h | 5 (5–5) | 5 (5–5) | 5 (5–5) | 5 (5–5) | 5 (3–5) | 5 (5–5) | |
Day 1 post-treatment | 2 h | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) |
4 h | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | |
6 h | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | |
8 h | 2 (2–3) | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (2–3) | |
12 h | 3 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–4) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | |
16 h | 3 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (3–4) | 5 (4–5) | |
24 h | 5 (3–5) | 5 (4–5) | 4 (2–5) | 5 (2–5) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–5) | |
Day 2 post-treatment | 2 h | 2 (2–2) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) † |
4 h | 2 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–5) | 4 (4–5) | |
6 h | 4 (3–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–5) | 5 (4–5) | |
8 h | 4 (3–4) | 3 (3–4) | 3 (3–5) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–5) | |
12 h | 4 (3–4) | 3 (3–4) | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–5) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–5) | |
16 h | 4 (4–5) | 4 (3–4) | 5 (4–5) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–5) | |
24 h | 5 (4–5) | 4 (4–5) | 5 (5–5) | 5 (3–5) | 5 (5–5) | 5 (4–5) |
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Furumoto, K.; Sasaki, Y.; Nohara, M.; Takenaka, N.; Maeta, N.; Kanda, T. Effects of a Multimodal Approach Using Buprenorphine with/without Meloxicam on Food Intake, Body Weight, Nest Consolidating Behavior, Burrowing Behavior, and Gastrointestinal Tissues in Postoperative Male Mice. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110589
Furumoto K, Sasaki Y, Nohara M, Takenaka N, Maeta N, Kanda T. Effects of a Multimodal Approach Using Buprenorphine with/without Meloxicam on Food Intake, Body Weight, Nest Consolidating Behavior, Burrowing Behavior, and Gastrointestinal Tissues in Postoperative Male Mice. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(11):589. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110589
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurumoto, Kayo, Yuka Sasaki, Masakatsu Nohara, Nagisa Takenaka, Noritaka Maeta, and Teppei Kanda. 2022. "Effects of a Multimodal Approach Using Buprenorphine with/without Meloxicam on Food Intake, Body Weight, Nest Consolidating Behavior, Burrowing Behavior, and Gastrointestinal Tissues in Postoperative Male Mice" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 11: 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110589