Computed Tomography Evaluation of Normal Canine Abdominal Lymph Nodes: Retrospective Study of Size and Morphology According to Body Weight and Age in 45 Dogs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Inclusion Criteria
2.3. Experimental Design
2.4. Procedures
2.5. Measurements
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Lymph Node Size (Length, Thickness, Width) and Volume
3.2. Lymph Node Shape
3.3. X-ray Attenuation and Enhancement
3.4. Age
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
References
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Lymph Nodes | Length (mm) | Thickness (mm) | Width (mm) | Volume (mm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hepatic: Total (n = 89) | 19.4 (4.5–59.7) ρ = 0.552; p < 0.001 | 4.9 (1.9–11.2) ρ= 0.712; p < 0.001 | 5.3 (2.0–10.7) ρ = 0.668; p < 0.001 | 313 (12–1753) ρ = 0.635; p < 0.001 |
Small: <10 kg (n = 30) | 13.8 (4.5–33.0) | 3.5 (1.9–5.6) | 3.5 (2.0–6.2) | 146 (12–728) |
Medium: 10–30 kg (n = 30) | 21.0 (5.8–56.8) | 4.8 (2.5–8.2) | 5.5 (2.8–8.3) | 360 (28–1.028) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 29) | 27.3(7.3–59.7) | 6.2 (4.4–11.2) | 6.8 (3.7–10.7) | 520 (105–1753) |
Splenic: Total (n = 44) | 14.7 (5.1–25.1) ρ = 0.509; p < 0.001 | 4.5 (2.1–13.7) ρ = 0.668; p < 0.001 | 5.1 (2.7–15.6) ρ = 0.630; p < 0.001 | 200 (27–967) ρ = 0.833; p < 0.001 |
Small: <10 kg (n = 15) | 9.5 (5.1–17.0) | 3.9 (2.1–5.6) | 4.1 (2.9–7.2) | 67 (27–294) |
Medium: 10–30 kg (n = 15) | 15.3 (8.8–25.1) | 5.0 (3.3–10.4) | 5.7 (2.2–10.2) | 214 (111–482) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 14) | 18.5 (11.1–24.2) | 7.0 (4.5–13.7) | 6.9 (4.5–15.6) | 435 (127–967) |
Gastric: Total (n = 44) | 9.6 (2.2–19.7) ρ = 0.737; p < 0.001 | 5.1 (2.1–13.1) ρ = 0.407; p = 0.006 | 5.7 (2.1–11.2) ρ = 0.427; p = 0.004 | 157 (11–490) ρ = 0.660; p < 0.001 |
Small: <10 kg (n = 14) | 5.5 (2.2–9.9) | 3.8 (2.1–7.2) | 4.8 (2.1–6.8) | 36 (11–194) |
Medium: 10–30 kg (n = 15) | 10.8 (5.4–16.0) | 5.3 (3.8–11.5) | 5.3 (3.8–11.2) | 170 (54–450) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 15) | 12.1 (5.9–19.7) | 6.5 (3.0–13.1) | 6.5 (3.7–11.0) | 301 (46–490) |
Pancreaticoduodenal: Total (n = 45) | 9.1 (2.4–24.2) ρ = 0.572; p < 0.001 | 5.8 (2.6–10.6) ρ = 0.603; p < 0.001 | 4.4 (1.9–12.6) ρ = 0.565; p < 0.001 | 109 (12–580) ρ = 0.756; p < 0.001 |
Small: <10 kg (n = 15) | 7.1 (2.4–10.1) | 3.8 (2.6–7.8) | 3.5 (1.9–6.2) | 40 (12–164) |
Medium: 10–30 kg (n = 15) | 9.2 (4.4–20.0) | 6.0 (4.3–9.7) | 4.4 (3.2–9.5) | 214 (60–319) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 15) | 13.0 (5.8–24.2) | 7.1 (3.2–10.6) | 6.6 (3.0–12.6) | 435 (74–580) |
Medial iliac: Total (n = 90) | 24.6 (6–57) ρ = 0.762; p < 0.001 | 5.2 (1.9–13.9) ρ = 0.750; p < 0.001 | 4.9 (1.5–11.2) ρ = 0.622; p < 0.001 | 354 (32–1987) ρ = 0.802; p < 0.001 |
Small: <10 kg (n = 30) | 16.5 (6.0–56.5) | 3.8 (1.9–6.9) | 4.1 (1.5–8.5) | 135 (32–713) |
Medium: 10–30 kg (n = 30) | 24.5 (17.7–55.9) | 5.0 (2.5–11.1) | 5.0 (2.5–11.1) | 214 (124–1272) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 30) | 33.1 (20.0–57.0) | 7.2 (4.0–14.0) | 6.8 (3.4–11.2) | 844 (233–1987) |
Jejunal: Total (n = 90) | 50 (7.7–89.3) ρ = 0.748; p < 0.001 | 5.8 (2.4–11.6) ρ = 0.551; p < 0.001 | 6.5 (2.3–15.8) ρ = 0.640; p < 0.001 | 1498 (85–5273) ρ = 0.817; p < 0.001 |
Small: <10 kg (n = 30) | 34.2 (7.7–58.1) | 4.0 (2.4–8.0) | 4.2 (2.3–8.1) | 451 (85–1532) |
Medium: 10–30 kg (n = 30) | 53.0 (28.0–79.0) | 5.9 (4.1–8.7) | 7.0 (2.4–11.8) | 959 (287–3965) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 30) | 65.0 (40.9–89.3) | 7.1 (3.3–11.6) | 9.2 (4.8–15.8) | 2.6 (1.03–5.3) |
Lymph Nodes | Rounded ALs | Mixed ALs | Elongated ALs | Spearman Rank Test |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hepatic (n = 89) | 30.5 (4.5–38) | 20.5 (2–62) | 18 (2–62) | ρ = −0.051; p = 0.634 |
Splenic (n = 44) | 31.5 (9–38) | 20 (2–62) | 14 (5–50) | ρ = −0.230; p = 0.134 |
Gastric (n = 44) | 15 (2–44) | 30 (14–62) | - | ρ = 0.380; p = 0.011 |
Pancreaticoduodenal (n = 45) | 15 (2.5–62) | 22 (2–44) | 25 (23.5–32) | ρ = 0.049; p = 0.751 |
Medial iliac (n = 90) | - | 4.5 (2–42) | 23.5 (2.5–62) | ρ = 0.221; p = 0.037 |
Jejunal (n = 90) | - | 6 (6–6) | 21.7 (2–62) | ρ = 0.192; p = 0.070 |
Lymph Node | HU Pre MdC Median (Range) | HU Post MdC Median (Range) |
---|---|---|
Hepatic: Total (n = 89) Small: <10 kg (n = 30) Med: 10–30 kg (n = 30) Large: >30 kg (n = 29) | 29 (20–49) ρ = 0.130; p = 0.224 26 (20–40) 31.5 (20–49) 31 (20–49) | 94 (73–113) ρ = 0.117; p = 0.274 26 (20–40) 31.5 (20–49) 31 (20–49) |
Splenic: Total (n = 44) Small: <10 kg (n = 15) Med: 10–30 kg (n = 15) Large: >30 kg (n = 14 | 29.5 (19–43) ρ = 0.053; p = 0.732 27 (19–33) 32 (21–43) 28.5 (19–37) | 91.5 (70–129) ρ= −0.011; p = 0.942 96 (75–129) 91 (76–104) 90.5 (70–118) |
Gastric: Total (n = 44) Small: <10 kg (n = 14) Med: 10–30 kg (n = 15) Large: >30 kg (n = 15) | 24 (19–38) ρ = 0.192; p = 0.212 22 (19–37) 25 (21–31) 27 (21–38) | 89.5 (73–114) ρ= −0.027; p = 0.860 88 (77–114) 14 (75–101) 89 (73–102) |
Pancreaticoduodenal: Total (n = 45) Small: <10 kg (n = 15) Med: 10–30 kg (n = 15) Large: >30 kg (n = 15) | 27 (19–38) ρ= −0.012; p = 0.938 28 (20–35) 27 (21–38) 27 (19–37) | 90 (71–129) ρ= −298; p = 0.047 97 (79–121) 91 (78–103) 87 (71–129) |
Medial iliac: Total (n = 90) Small: <10 kg (n = 30) Med: 10–30 kg (n = 30) Large: >30 kg (n = 30) | 27 (19–43) ρ = 0.052; p = 0.629 27 (20–32) 29 (19–41) 26.5 (19–43) | 89.5 (70–147) ρ = 0.033; p = 0.755 92.5 (70–108) 89 (71–147) 93 (33–132) |
Jejunal: Total (n = 90) Small: <10 kg (n = 30) Med: 10–30 kg (n = 30) Large: >30 kg (n = 30) | 28 (19–48) ρ = 0.180; p = 0.090 26 (20–32) 32 (21–48) 28.5 (19–42) | 98.0 (70–156) ρ= −0.036; p = 0.735 96 (71–120) 102 (70–156) 95.5 (77–121) |
Lymph Nodes | Enhancement | Kruskal–Wallis Test | |
---|---|---|---|
Homogeneus | Heterogeneous | ||
Hepatic (n = 89) | 23.5 (2–62) | 15 (2.5–50) | Χ2 = 0.019; p = 0.889 |
Splenic (n = 44) | 19 (2.5–44) | 18.5 (2–62) | Χ2 = 0.036; p = 0.850 |
Gastric (n = 44) | 21.7 (2–50) | 22 (2.5–62) | Χ2 = 0.020; p = 0.889 |
Pancreaticoduodenal (n = 45) | 21.7 (2–44) | 9 (2.5–62) | Χ2 = 0.057; p = 0.812 |
Medial iliac (n = 90) | 20 (2–50) | 30 (2.5–62) | Χ2 = 0.099; p = 0.753 |
Jejunal (n = 90) | 23.5 (2–62) | 16 (2.5–42) | Χ2 = 0.017; p = 0.897 |
Age (No.) | Length (mm) | Thickness (mm) | Width (mm) | Volume (mm3) | HU Pre MdC | HU Post MdC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hepatic | ρ = −0.089 p = 0.407 | ρ = −0.140 p = 0.192 | ρ = −0.279 p = 0.008 | ρ = −0.086 p = 0.422 | ρ = −0.013 p = 0.904 | ρ = −0.120 p = 0.264 | |
Small: <10 kg (n = 30) | Y (n = 6) A (n = 24) | 14.7 (6.7–23.5) 13.3 (4.5–33.0) | 3.3 (2.1–5.6) 3.5 (1.9–5.4) | 3.1 (2.5–6.2) 3.6 (2–6) | 137.9 (25.4–457.2) 146.4 (11.7–728.8) | 27.5 (21–35) 26 (20–40) | 93.5 (90–100) 93 73–108) |
Medium:10–30 kg (n = 30) | Y (n = 6) A (n = 24) | 23 (12.2–27.8) 20.2 (5.8–56.8) | 5.5 (2.7–6.4) 4.7 (2.5–4.2) | 6.1 (4.6–69) 5.4 (2.8–8.3) | 366.3 (161.3–561.2) 341 (28.5–1028) | 30 (21–49) 32 (20–46) | 100.5 (78–113) 94 (77–111) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 29) | Y (n = 11) A (n = 18) | 32.2 (7.3–59.7) 25.9 (13.1–51.7) | 7.7 (4.4–11) 5.9 (4.6–11.2) | 7.4 (5–7.7) 6.4 (3.7–9.2) | 386 (105.4–1754) 524.5 (151–1073) | 31 (20–49) 30 (21–41) | 97 (77–108) 96.5 (78–112) |
Splenic | ρ = −0.229 p = 0.134 | ρ = −0.174 p = 0.258 | ρ = −0.171 p = 0.266 | ρ = −0.399 p = 0.007 | ρ = 0.170 p = 0.270 | ρ = −0.134 p = 0.386 | |
Small: <10 kg (n = 15) | Y (n = 3) A (n = 12) | 9.8 (5.6–16.9) 8.8 (5–16.7) | 3.5 (2.7–5.6) 4 (2–4.5) | 4.3 (3.7–4.6) 4 (2.9–7.2) | 111 (27.7–294) 64.4 (28.2–140.6) | 24 (23–30) 28 (19–33) | 101 (96–103) 92 (75–129) |
Medium:10–30 kg (n = 15) | Y (n = 3) A (n = 12) | 18.4 (11.9–25.1) 14.9 (88–24.6) | 5.8 (3.8–5.9) 4.4 (3.3–10.4) | 6.7 (4–7.4) 5.4 (2.7–10.2) | 266.5 (250.9–299.6) 206.8 (111.2–482.3) | 22 (21–34) 32 (23–43) | 91 (88–94) 89 (56–104) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 14) | Y (n = 6) A (n = 8) | 18.5 (11.2–18.4) 17 (11–24.3) | 7.6 (4.5–13.7) 7 (4.6–11.2) | 5.8 (4.5–13.6) 7.2 (4.5–10) | 483.3 (167.9–651.2) 389.7 (127.6–967) | 25 (23–37) 32 (19–37) | 89.5 (70–106) 93.5 (78–118) |
Gastric | ρ = −0.242 p = 0.113 | ρ = −0.275 p = 0.071 | ρ = −0.143 p = 0.356 | ρ = −0.268 p = 0.079 | ρ = −0.091 p = 0.557 | ρ = −0.249 p = 0.103 | |
Small: <10 kg (n = 14) | Y (n = 3) A (n = 11) | 5.5 (4.2–6.2) 5.5 (2.2–9.9) | 6.7 (4.2–6.8) 3.5 (2–6.8) | 5.6 (3.5–7.2) 3.4 (2–6.9) | 116.7 (27.8–194.7) 36.4 (11–122.9) | 24 (23–37) 22 (11–27) | 92 (81–114) 88 (77–97) |
Medium:10–30 kg (n = 15) | Y (n = 3) A (n = 12) | 12.3 (7–12.5) 10 (5.4–16) | 4.9 (3.9–8.4) 5.5 (3.8–11.2) | 5.8 (5–5.8) 5.2 (3.8–5.5) | 196 (54.9–210.6) 169 (74.3–449.7) | 24 (21–27) 25.5 (22–31) | 86 (86–89) 86.5 (75–101) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 15) | Y (n = 6) A (n = 9) | 13 (11.2–19.7) 12 (5.9–16.3) | 7.1 (4.9–10.9) 6.6 (3.7–9.8) | 6 (3.9–11.8) 7.1 (3–13.1) | 285.4 (124.7–398.2) 301.7 (46.7–489.7) | 24 (22–28) 29 (21–38) | 95.5 (89–102) 83 (73–98) |
Pancreatic duodenal | ρ = −0262 p = 0.083 | ρ = −0.314 p = 0.035 | ρ = −0.183 p = 0.228 | ρ = −0.301 p = 0.045 | ρ = −0.022 p = 0.885 | ρ = 0.297 p = 0.047 | |
Small: <10 kg (n = 15) | Y (n = 3) A (n = 12) | 8 (5.7–9.2) 7 (2.4–10.1) | 4 (2.6–7.8) 3.8 (2.8–5.3) | 5.1 (2.9–6.2) 3.4 (1.9–5.4) | 108.2 (29.3–164.9) 55.1 (12.7–100.8) | 28 (22–35) 27 (20–33) | 90 (88–92) 98 (79–101) |
Medium:10–30 kg (n = 15) | Y (n = 3) A (n = 12) | 9.3 (8.4–9.8) 9.15 (4.4–20) | 9.4 (6.7–9.7) 5.8 (4.3–8.4) | 5.8 (4.4–6.4) 4.2 (3.2–9.5) | 189.8 (91.3–319.3) 158.8 (60.5–309.9) | 25 (23–29) 29 (21–38) | 89 (78–91) 94.5 (79–103) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 15) | Y (n = 6) A (n = 9) | 13 (5.8–19.9) 13 (6.2–24.1) | 7.2 (5.9–9.1) 6.6 (3.2–10.6) | 4.9 (3–9.1) 6.7 (4–12.6) | 318.5 (74.6–580.8) 266.1 (98.8–399.3) | 29.5 (19–33) 25 (19–37) | 92.5 (78–101) 86 (71–129) |
Medial iliac | ρ = −0.236 p = 0.025 | ρ = −0.149 p = 0.161 | ρ = −0.230 p = 0.029 | ρ = −0.249 p = 0.018 | ρ = 0.155; p = 0.145 | ρ = 0.147 p = 0.166 | |
Small: <10 kg (n = 30) | Y (n = 6) A (n = 24) | 16.6 (6–25.4) 16.6 (6.5–56.5) | 3.6 (2.9–4.3) 3.8 (1.9–6.9) | 4.4 (4.1–5.9) 3.6 (1.5–6.5) | 146.2 (52–404.7) 126.7 (32.2–713.1) | 26 (22–32) 27 (20–32) | 92 (70–106) 92.5 (76–108) |
Medium:10–30 kg (n = 30) | Y (n = 6) A (n = 24) | 24.2 (20–55.9) 24.5 (17.7–37.5) | 5.2 (2.6–8.4) 5.4 (3.4–7.7) | 4.9 (2.5–8.2) 5.2 (3.1–11.1) | 292 (191.8–1273) 346.2 (124.4–867.1) | 25.5 (19–37) 30 (21–41) | 88 (78–138) 89.5 (71–147) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 30) | Y (n = 12) A (n = 18) | 32.4 (24.9–52.3) 33.4 (20.1–57.2) | 7.7 (4.3–10.2) 7 (4–13.9) | 7.3 (6.1–9.6) 5.8 (3.4–11.2) | 1098 (407–1988) 685.1 (233.5–1875) | 24 (21–33) 29 (19–43) | 85 (33–108) 96 (77–132) |
Jejunal | ρ = −0.248 p = 0.018 | ρ = −0.405 p < 0.001 | ρ = −0.420 p < 0.001 | ρ = −0.478 p < 0.001 | ρ = 0.004 p = 0.971 | ρ = 0.182 p = 0.087 | |
Small: <10 kg (n = 30) | Y (n = 6) A (n = 24) | 33.6 (25.1–43.8) 34.7 (7.7–58.1) | 5.3 (3.6–7.2) 3.9 (2.4–8) | 5.8 (3.2–8) 4.1 (2.3–8.1) | 528.3 (274.2–1532) 349.5 (85.7–873.5) | 28 (21–32) 25 (20–29) | 102.5 (94–109) 95 (71–120) |
Medium:10–30 kg (n = 30) | Y (n = 6) A (n = 24) | 60.5 (45.3–70.3) 50.6 (28–78.9) | 6.9 (5.6–8.7) 5.7 (4.1–8.7) | 9.6 (7.5–11.8) 6.2 (2.4–9.4) | 2215 (1179–3965) 1499 (287.5–3739) | 26 (21–34) 32 (21–48) | 83 (70–102) 108 (70–156) |
Large: >30 kg (n = 30) | Y (n = 12) A (n = 18) | 71.1 (42.2–84) 63.8 (40.9–89.3) | 8.1 (6.1–11.6) 6.4 (3.3–8.9) | 9.7 (6.6–15.8) 8 (4.8–12.4) | 3634 (2613–5273) 2075 (1029–4380) | 28.5 (21–35) 28.5 (19–42) | 95.5 (77–121) 95 (78–111) |
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Teodori, S.; Aste, G.; Tamburro, R.; Morselli-Labate, A.M.; Simeoni, F.; Vignoli, M. Computed Tomography Evaluation of Normal Canine Abdominal Lymph Nodes: Retrospective Study of Size and Morphology According to Body Weight and Age in 45 Dogs. Vet. Sci. 2021, 8, 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8030044
Teodori S, Aste G, Tamburro R, Morselli-Labate AM, Simeoni F, Vignoli M. Computed Tomography Evaluation of Normal Canine Abdominal Lymph Nodes: Retrospective Study of Size and Morphology According to Body Weight and Age in 45 Dogs. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8(3):44. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8030044
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeodori, Simone, Giovanni Aste, Roberto Tamburro, Antonio Maria Morselli-Labate, Francesco Simeoni, and Massimo Vignoli. 2021. "Computed Tomography Evaluation of Normal Canine Abdominal Lymph Nodes: Retrospective Study of Size and Morphology According to Body Weight and Age in 45 Dogs" Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 3: 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8030044