Antioxidant Effect of a Dietary Supplement Containing Fermentative S-Acetyl-Glutathione and Silybin in Dogs with Liver Disease
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Supplement | ||
---|---|---|
Ingredients | g/100 g | mg/Tablet |
Vitamin E | 15.975 | 319.50 |
Orange bioflavonoid | 8.0250 | 160.50 |
Vitamin B12 | 3.0000 | 60.00 |
Vitamin B2 | 2.0025 | 40.05 |
Silybin | 2.0000 | 40.00 |
S-acetyl-L-glutathione | 1.4250 | 28.50 |
Vitamin B1 hydrochloride | 0.6375 | 12.75 |
Vitamin B6 hydrochloride | 0.4350 | 8.70 |
Excipients | 39.5000 | 790 |
Total | 100.0000 | 2000.00 |
Time | TP (5.4–7.5 g/dL) | ALB (2.3–3.9 g/dL) | GLU (67–132 mg/dL) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CTR | TRT | CTR | TRT | CTR | TRT | |
T0 | 6.7 (6.6; 6.8) | 6.6 (6.5; 6.7) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.2) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.3) | 96 (95.1; 96.8) | 96.2 (95.4; 97.1) |
T1 | 6.6 (6.5; 6.7) | 6.5 (6.4; 6.6) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.2) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.3) | 95.4 (94.5; 96.3) | 95.5 (94.7; 96.4) |
T2 | 6.6 (6.5; 6.7) | 6.6 (6.5; 6.7) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.3) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.3) | 95.5 (94.7; 96.4) | 95.2 (94.3; 96.1) |
T3 | 6.6 (6.5; 6.7) | 6.6 (6.5; 6.7) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.3) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.3) | 94.8 (94; 95.7) | 95.1 (94.2; 95.9) |
T4 | 6.6 (6.5; 6.7) | 6.7 (6.6; 6.8) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.3) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.3) | 94.7 (93.9; 95.6) | 94.5 (93.6; 95.3) * |
T5 | 6.6 (6.5; 6.7) | 6.7 (6.6; 6.8) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.3) | 3.2 (3.2; 3.3) | 94.8 (94; 95.7) | 94.9 (94.1; 95.8) |
ALT (0–40 UI/L) | AST (0–40 UI/L) | ALP (20–150 UI/L) | ||||
Time | CTR | TRT | CTR | TRT | CTR | TRT |
T0 | 303.4 (278.4; 328.4) | 339 (314; 364.1) | 285.8 (262.7; 308.9) | 332.3 (309.1; 355.4) | 219.1 (196.1; 242.1) | 282.4 (259.4; 305.4) |
T1 | 305 (279.9; 330) | 335.7 (310.7; 360.8) | 288 (264.9; 311.2) | 328.8 (305.7; 351.9) | 262.1 (239.2; 285.1) | 280.5 (257.6; 303.5) |
T2 | 302 (277; 327.1) | 319.9 (294.9; 345) | 307.1 (284; 330.2) | 315 (291.9; 338.1) § | 256.7 (233.7; 279.6) | 268.0 (245.0; 291.0) § |
T3 | 293.6 (268.5; 318.6) | 292.8 (267.7; 317.8) | 305.7 (282.6; 328.8) | 290.9 (267.8; 314) | 254.3 (231.3; 277.2) | 246.4 (223.4; 269.3) |
T4 | 292.3 (267.3; 317.3) | 263.5 (238.4; 288.5) * | 301.6 (278.5; 324.7) | 263.3 (240.2; 286.4) * | 252.4 (229.4; 275.3) | 222.8 (199.9; 245.8) * |
T5 | 297.8 (272.8; 322.8) | 236.9 (211.8; 261.9) * | 301.6 (278.4; 324.7) | 238.4 (215.3; 261.5) * | 247.9 (225; 270.9) | 201.5 (178.5; 224.5) * |
GGT (2–8 UI/L) | BIL Tot (0–0.7 mg/dL) | TRI (23–110 mg/dl) | ||||
Time | CTR | TRT | CTR | TRT | CTR | TRT |
T0 | 23.8 (21.8; 25.9) | 27.1 (25.1; 29.1) | 2.1 (1.9; 2.3) | 2.4 (2.2; 2.6) | 138.3 (137.1; 139.6) | 138.5 (137.2; 139.7) |
T1 | 23.9 (21.8; 25.9) | 26.8 (24.7; 28.8) | 2.1 (1.9; 2.2) | 2.3 (2.2; 2.5) | 138.3 (137.1; 139.6) | 138.3 (137; 139.6) |
T2 | 23.9 (21.9; 25.9) | 25.5 (23.4; 27.5) | 2.1 (1.9; 2.3) | 2.2 (2.1; 2.4) | 138.1 (136.8; 139.4) | 138.1 (136.9; 139.4) |
T3 | 23.2 (21.2; 25.2) | 23.3 (21.3; 25.3) | 2.2 (2; 2.4) | 2.1 (1.9; 2.2) | 138.2 (136.9; 139.5) | 138.1 (136.8; 139.3) |
T4 | 22.7 (20.6; 24.7) | 21 (18.9; 23) * | 2.2 (2; 2.4) | 1.9 (1.7; 2) * | 138.2 (136.9; 139.5) | 138.2 (136.9; 139.5) |
T5 | 22.5 (20.5; 24.6) | 18.8 (16.8; 20.9) * | 2.2 (2.1; 2.4) | 1.7 (1.5; 1.9) * | 138.2 (136.9; 139.5) | 138.2 (136.9; 139.4) |
PCR (0–1.5 mg/L) | GSH (300–700 U/g Hb) | |||||
Time | CTR | TRT | CTR | TRT | ||
T0 | 1 (0.9; 1) | 0.9 (0.9; 1) | 266 (249.8; 282.2) | 231.4 (215.2; 247.6) | ||
T1 | 0.9 (0.9; 1) | 0.9 (0.9; 0.9) | 268.5 (252.3; 284.7) | 250.6 (234.4; 266.8) | ||
T2 | 0.9 (0.9; 1) | 0.9 (0.9; 0.9) | 264.1 (247.9; 280.3) | 289.4 (273.2; 305.6) *§ | ||
T3 | 0.9 (0.9; 0.9) | 0.9 (0.9; 0.9) | 267.6 (251.4; 283.8) | 291.1 (274.9; 307.3) * | ||
T4 | 0.9 (0.8; 0.9) * | 0.9 (0.9; 1) | 272 (255.8; 288.2) | 291.9 (275.7; 308.1) * | ||
T5 | 0.9 (0.8; 0.9) | 0.9 (0.9; 0.9) | 264.2 (248; 280.4) | 293 (276.8; 309.2) * |
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Martello, E.; Perondi, F.; Bisanzio, D.; Lippi, I.; Meineri, G.; Gabriele, V. Antioxidant Effect of a Dietary Supplement Containing Fermentative S-Acetyl-Glutathione and Silybin in Dogs with Liver Disease. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020131
Martello E, Perondi F, Bisanzio D, Lippi I, Meineri G, Gabriele V. Antioxidant Effect of a Dietary Supplement Containing Fermentative S-Acetyl-Glutathione and Silybin in Dogs with Liver Disease. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(2):131. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020131
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartello, Elisa, Francesca Perondi, Donal Bisanzio, Ilaria Lippi, Giorgia Meineri, and Valeria Gabriele. 2023. "Antioxidant Effect of a Dietary Supplement Containing Fermentative S-Acetyl-Glutathione and Silybin in Dogs with Liver Disease" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 2: 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020131