Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Human Material
2.2. Isolation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)
2.3. ELF-PEMF Device and Exposure
2.4. Western Blot
2.5. DCFH-DA Assay
2.6. Human Cytokine Array C5 with Media Conditioned by PBMC Exposed to ELF-PEMFs
2.7. Culture and Differentiation of SCP-1 Cells
2.8. Cell Migration Assay
2.9. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) Staining
2.10. RNA Isolation and RT-PCR
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. ELF-PEMFs Exposure Modulates Macrophage Differentiation
3.2. Exposure to Field A Leads to the Formation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
3.3. Field A and Field B Diversely Regulate the Secretion of Cytokines, Growth Factors, and Chemokines by Macrophages
3.4. Factors Secreted by Macrophages Exposed to the Two ELF-PEMF Stimulated Migration of SCP-1 Cells
3.5. Conditioned Medium from Macrophages Exposed to Field B Induced Extracellular Matrix Formation in SCP-1 Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target | Gene Bank Accession Number | Sequence Forward Primer | Sequence Reverse Primer | Ta [°C] | # of Cycles | Amplicon Size [bp] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RPL13a | NM_012423.3 | AAGTACCAGG CAGTGACAG | CCTGTTTCCGT AGCCTCATG | 56 | 30 | 100 |
Biglycan | NM_001711.5 | CGCCTCGTGT CTCTGCTGGC | GCGGATGCGG TTGTCGTGGA | 64 | 35 | 501 |
Versican | NM_001164098.1 | AATGCCGTCT GCAGGGTGCC | GGCCGCAAGC GACTGTTCCT | 64 | 35 | 306 |
Collagen 1A1 | NM_000088.3 | CAGCCGCTTC ACCTACAGC | TTTGTATTCAAT CACTGTCTTGCC | 56 | 35 | 83 |
Fibronectin | NM_002026.2 | CCCCATTCCAG GACACTTCTG | GCCCACGGTA ACAACCTCTT | 60 | 35 | 203 |
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Chen, Y.; Menger, M.M.; Braun, B.J.; Schweizer, S.; Linnemann, C.; Falldorf, K.; Ronniger, M.; Wang, H.; Histing, T.; Nussler, A.K.; et al. Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing. Bioengineering 2021, 8, 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110167
Chen Y, Menger MM, Braun BJ, Schweizer S, Linnemann C, Falldorf K, Ronniger M, Wang H, Histing T, Nussler AK, et al. Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing. Bioengineering. 2021; 8(11):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110167
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yangmengfan, Maximilian M. Menger, Benedikt J. Braun, Sara Schweizer, Caren Linnemann, Karsten Falldorf, Michael Ronniger, Hongbo Wang, Tina Histing, Andreas K. Nussler, and et al. 2021. "Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing" Bioengineering 8, no. 11: 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110167