Scientific Study of Gentiana kurroo Royle
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Habitat and Distribution of G. kurroo Royle
3. Life Cycle of G. kurroo Royle
4. Rationale of the Study
5. Phytochemistry
6. Ethno-Pharmacology
7. Antibacterial Activity
8. Antioxidant Activity
9. Anti-Arthritic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity
10. Analgesic Activity
11. Anti-Diabetic Activity
12. Conservation Strategy
13. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Root and Rhizome | References |
---|---|
Tannins Alkaloids Saponins Glycosides (Gentiopicrine, Gentianine) Terpenes Flavonoids Phenolics Carbohydrates Genianic Acid Pectin | [29] |
[50] | |
[46] | |
[36] | |
[47] | |
[55] | |
[48] | |
[56] | |
[57] | |
[58] | |
[59] | |
[60] | |
Flower Tops | |
Alkaloids | [61] [62] [63] |
Flavonoids ( Robinetin-0, Luteolin, Apigenin, Kaempferol, Kaempferid) | |
Glycosides | |
Free Phenols | |
Terpense/Sterols | |
Leaves | |
Iridoid Glycoside | [53] [51] [52] |
2′-(2,3-Dihydroxybezoyloxy)-7-Ketologanin | |
Volatile Aroma Compounds | |
Dimethyl Sulphide | |
2-Ethylfuran | |
1,8-Cincole | |
Α-Terpinyl Acetate | |
Methandriol | |
1,3-Propanediol | |
2-Methyl Sulphide | |
3-Methyl Butanol | |
Pentanol | |
Hexanal | |
7-Oxabicylo(4,1,0)-Heptanes |
Flower Tops | % | Name of Flavonoid | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Phenols | 2.91 ± 0.07 | Robinetin-0 | [63] |
Alkaloids | 0.33 ± 0.02 | Luteolin | |
Sterols/Terpenes | 1.35 ± 0.01 | Apigenin | |
Flavonoids | 0.31 ± 0.01 | Kaempferol & Kaempferid |
Extracts | Total Flavonoid Content b | Total Phenolic Content a | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Leaf extract | 20 ± 1.5 | 34 ± 1.8 | [59] |
Root extract | 41 ± 2.2 | 68 ± 2.4 |
Phytoconstituents | Test | Reference |
---|---|---|
Flavonoids | ++ | [58] |
Tannins | ++ | |
Phenolics | ++ | |
Alkaloids | + | |
Saponins | + | |
Cardiac glycosides | ++ | |
Terpenes | ++ | |
Carbohydrates | + |
Microorganism | Leaf Extract | Root Extract | Streptomycin | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Proteus mirabilis | 0.27 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.055 ± 0.002 | [59] |
Streptococcus faecalis | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.025 ± 0.002 | |
Escherichia coli | 0.75 ± 0.01 | 0.67 ± 0.06 | 0.055 ± 0.001 | |
Salmonella enteritidis | 0.90 ± 0.02 | 0.75 ± 0.05 | 0.020 ± 0.003 | |
Micrococcus luteus | 0.22 ± 0.08 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.020 ± 0.004 | |
Enterobacter cloacae | 0.60 ± 0.04 | 0.55 ± 0.03 | 0.015 ± 0.001 |
Extracts (600 μg/mL) | DPPH Assay (%) | NBT Assay (%) | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Leaf | 53 | 51 | [59] |
Root | 72 | 63 | |
Control | |||
Vitamin C/Ascorbic acid * | 91 | 91.7 |
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Skinder, B.M.; Ganai, B.A.; Wani, A.H. Scientific Study of Gentiana kurroo Royle. Medicines 2017, 4, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines4040074
Skinder BM, Ganai BA, Wani AH. Scientific Study of Gentiana kurroo Royle. Medicines. 2017; 4(4):74. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines4040074
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkinder, Bhat Mohd, Bashir Ahmad Ganai, and Abdul Hamid Wani. 2017. "Scientific Study of Gentiana kurroo Royle" Medicines 4, no. 4: 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines4040074