Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Phytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential of Heliotropium strigosum Willd.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials and Methods
2.2. Collection and Identification of Plant Material
2.3. Preparation of Dichloromethane Extract
2.4. Antimicrobial Assays
2.4.1. Antibacterial Assay―Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA)
2.4.2. Antifungal Assay―Agar Tube Dilution Method
2.5. Cytotoxic Assay―Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay
2.6. Phytotoxic Assay―Lemna Bioassay for Phytotoxicity
2.7. Antioxidant Assay―DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazl) Radical Scavenging Assay
3. Results
3.1. Antibacterial Activity
3.2. Antifungal Activity
3.3. Cytotoxic Activity
3.4. Phytotoxic Activity
3.5. Antioxidant Activity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of interest
References
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Name of Bacteria | Percent (%) Inhibition of Tested Sample | Percent (%) Inhibition of Standard Drug (Ofloxacin) |
---|---|---|
S. aureus | 16 | 92.35 |
E. coli | 0 | 90.20 |
P. aeruginosa | 0 | 89.35 |
S. flexneri | 3 | 91.40 |
Name of Fungus | Linear Growth (mm) | % Inhibition (Tested Sample) | Standard Drug | MIC (µg/mL) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | Control | ||||
T. rubrum | 100 | 100 | 0 | Miconazole | 97.8 |
A. niger | 100 | 100 | 0 | Amphotericin B | 20.70 |
F. solani | 100 | 100 | 0 | Miconazole | 73.50 |
C. albicans | 100 | 100 | 0 | Miconazole | 113.1 |
M. canis | 100 | 100 | 0 | Miconazole | 98.1 |
Dose of Tested Sample (µg/mL) | No. of Shrimps | No. of Survivors | LD50 (µg/mL) | Standard Drug | LD50 (µg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 30 | 29 | 462 | Etoposide | 7.46 |
100 | 30 | 29 | |||
1000 | 30 | 7 |
Name of Plant | Concentration of Tested Sample (µg/mL) | No. of Fronds | % Growth Inhibition | Concentration of Standard Drug (Paraquat) (µg/mL) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | Control | ||||
Lemna minor | 10 | 13 | 20 | 35 | 0.015 |
100 | 12 | 40 | |||
1000 | 10 | 50 |
Concentration of Tested Sample (µM) | % RSA (Radical Scavenging Activity) | IC50 ± SEM (µM) |
---|---|---|
500 a | 13 | >500 |
500 b | 96 | 111.44 ± 0.7 |
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Khurm, M.; Chaudhry, B.A.; Uzair, M.; Janbaz, K.H. Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Phytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential of Heliotropium strigosum Willd. Medicines 2016, 3, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3030020
Khurm M, Chaudhry BA, Uzair M, Janbaz KH. Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Phytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential of Heliotropium strigosum Willd. Medicines. 2016; 3(3):20. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3030020
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhurm, Muhammad, Bashir A. Chaudhry, Muhammad Uzair, and Khalid H. Janbaz. 2016. "Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Phytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential of Heliotropium strigosum Willd." Medicines 3, no. 3: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3030020