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Volume 13
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10.3390/toxics13080669
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

The TyG Index Mediates Air-Pollution-Associated Chronic Kidney Disease Incidence in HIV/AIDS Patients: A 20-Year Cohort Study

by
Xiaoxia Liu
1,†,
Xiuli Zhao
2,†,
Lu Ye
1,
Chengfeng Hu
1,
Zhihao Xie
2,
Jianan Ma
2,
Xia Wang
3,* and
Wei Liang
2,*
1
Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 9# South Huangshan Road, Zhenjiang 212002, China
2
Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136# Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou 225000, China
3
Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan 430024, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Toxics 2025, 13(8), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080669
Submission received: 4 July 2025 / Revised: 3 August 2025 / Accepted: 7 August 2025 / Published: 8 August 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Ambient air pollutants (APs) are associated with increased chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in general populations, but their renal impact on HIV/AIDS patients remains understudied. This dynamic cohort included 7981 HIV/AIDS patients without baseline kidney disease from Wuhan and Zhenjiang, followed every 6 months with fasting blood tests to assess the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Monthly average exposures to six APs were estimated from geocoded residential addresses. Modified Poisson regression models were used to assess associations between cumulative AP exposure and CKD incidence, with mediation analysis conducted to explore the potential role of the TyG index. Weighted quantile sum regression was applied to evaluate the joint effects of six APs. During the follow-up period, 168 new cases of CKD were identified. Each interquartile range increase in PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 corresponded to a 16.5%, 18.9%, and 9.7% higher CKD risk, respectively, with the TyG index mediating 10.21%, 9.16%, and 5.14% of these associations. PM2.5 demonstrated the highest attribution weight (44.4%) for CKD risk elevation in mixed-exposure models. Chronic ambient AP exposure, particularly PM2.5, synergistically elevates CKD risk in HIV/AIDS patients with glucolipid dysregulation potentially being involved, necessitating targeted air quality policies to mitigate AP impacts on this vulnerable population.
Keywords: air pollutants; chronic kidney disease; HIV/AIDS; TyG; eGFR air pollutants; chronic kidney disease; HIV/AIDS; TyG; eGFR

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, X.; Zhao, X.; Ye, L.; Hu, C.; Xie, Z.; Ma, J.; Wang, X.; Liang, W. The TyG Index Mediates Air-Pollution-Associated Chronic Kidney Disease Incidence in HIV/AIDS Patients: A 20-Year Cohort Study. Toxics 2025, 13, 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080669

AMA Style

Liu X, Zhao X, Ye L, Hu C, Xie Z, Ma J, Wang X, Liang W. The TyG Index Mediates Air-Pollution-Associated Chronic Kidney Disease Incidence in HIV/AIDS Patients: A 20-Year Cohort Study. Toxics. 2025; 13(8):669. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080669

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Xiaoxia, Xiuli Zhao, Lu Ye, Chengfeng Hu, Zhihao Xie, Jianan Ma, Xia Wang, and Wei Liang. 2025. "The TyG Index Mediates Air-Pollution-Associated Chronic Kidney Disease Incidence in HIV/AIDS Patients: A 20-Year Cohort Study" Toxics 13, no. 8: 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080669

APA Style

Liu, X., Zhao, X., Ye, L., Hu, C., Xie, Z., Ma, J., Wang, X., & Liang, W. (2025). The TyG Index Mediates Air-Pollution-Associated Chronic Kidney Disease Incidence in HIV/AIDS Patients: A 20-Year Cohort Study. Toxics, 13(8), 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13080669

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