The Inhibition of Microcystin Adsorption by Microplastics in the Presence of Algal Organic Matters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. MPs Particles, IOM Samples, and Chemicals
2.2. Batch Adsorption Experiments
2.3. Adsorption Model
2.4. Instrumental Analyses
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. MPs Characterization
3.2. Adsorption Behavior between MC-LR, IOM, and MPs
3.2.1. Adsorption Kinetics
3.2.2. Adsorption Isotherms
3.3. Interaction Mechanism
3.4. Potential Environmental Impact
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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MPs | Molecular Formula | Structure | d(0.5) (μm) | Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Contact Angles (°) | Crystallinity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PE | (C2H4)n | 43.06 | 1.281 | 108.8 ± 3.8 | 35 | |
PS | (C8H8)n | 49.96 | 5.136 | 106.3 ± 2.3 | 3.7 | |
PMMA | (C5H8O2)n | 55.47 | 0.118 | 85.1 ± 1.9 | 6.1 |
MPs | Adsorbate | Freundlich | Langmuir | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kf | 1/n | R2 | qm (μg/g) | ka | R2 | ||
PE | MC-LR | 45.1 | 2.40 | 0.857 | 722 | 0.00719 | 0.951 |
IOM | 293 | 6.13 | 0.868 | 1400 | 0.00132 | 0.982 | |
MC-LR (+IOM) | 30.5 | 2.19 | 0.920 | 558 | 0.00875 | 0.979 | |
PS | MC-LR | 75.1 | 2.66 | 0.837 | 843 | 0.0108 | 0.946 |
IOM | 409 | 7.46 | 0.930 | 1470 | 0.00176 | 0.988 | |
MC-LR (+IOM) | 46.2 | 2.47 | 0.924 | 655 | 0.00867 | 0.979 | |
PMMA | MC-LR | 23.2 | 2.16 | 0.853 | 521 | 0.00584 | 0.933 |
IOM | 191 | 4.98 | 0.935 | 1330 | 0.000940 | 0.992 | |
MC-LR (+IOM) | 41.3 | 2.56 | 0.808 | 493 | 0.0110 | 0.923 |
MP Type | MP Size | Organic Pollutants | Adsorption Amount (μg/g) | Adsorption Mechanism | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PS PE | 200 ± 10 μm | 17β-estradiol | 92.4 86.3 | hydrogen bonds and π–π interaction | [43] |
PE | 0.125–0.425 mm | Tri-n-butyl phosphate | 1.426 | pore–filling, monolayer coverage | [44] |
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate) | 0.532 | ||||
PS | 50.4 ± 11.9 μm | Atorvastatin | 1610 | hydrophobic and π–π interaction | [45] |
Amlodipine | 460 | ||||
PE | <5 mm | Carbendazim | 4.444 | hydrophobic interactions | [46] |
Dipterex | 2.873 | ||||
Diflubenzuron | 74.129 | ||||
Malathion | 25.907 | ||||
Difenoconazole | 273.224 | ||||
PE | 0.71–0.85 mm | Imidacloprid | 2.630 | surface adsorption | [47] |
Buprofezin | 1.892 | ||||
Difenoconazole | 2.365 | ||||
PS PE | 0.5–1 mm 0.1–0.2 mm | Cephalosporin C | 709 717 | hydrophobic interaction, van der Waals force, and electrostatic interactions | [48] |
PE | 100 μm | Ciprofloxacin | 5852 | hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interactions | [49] |
PE PS | <200-mesh | Tylosin | 1666.67 3333.33 | electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and surface complexation | [50] |
PS | 0.45–1 mm | Oxytetracycline | 1520 ± 120 | hydrophobic interaction or hydrogen bonding | [51] |
PE | <0.15 mm | 3,6-dibromocarbazole | 15.3 ± 3.57 | chemical sorption | [52] |
3,6-dichlorocarbazole | 24.8 ± 3.95 | ||||
3,6-diiodocarbazole | 118 ± 42.3 | ||||
2,7-dibromocarbazole | 16.6 ± 1.15 | ||||
3-bromocarbazole | 17.1 ± 1.85 | ||||
PE PS | 100–150 μm | Sulfamethoxazole | 660 712 | hydrogen bond | [53] |
PS | 100 μm | Triadimenol | 34.36 | hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions | [54] |
Hexaconazole | 185.18 | ||||
PE | 150 μm | Carbofuran | 10,729.6 | van der Waals force | [55] |
Carbendazim | 5458.5 | ||||
PE PS | 150 μm, <280 μm | Tetracycline | 109 ± 3.62, 167 ± 7.74 | hydrophobic interactions and other interactions (e.g., electrostatic interactions) | [56] |
PE PS | 100–150 μm | Pyrene | 333 127 | monolayer coverage | [57] |
PE PS | 25 μm | Norfloxacin | 444 758 | π–π conjugation, hydrogen bonds, ion exchange, and electrostatic interactions | [58] |
PS * PE | 550 μm | Benzophenone-3 | 53.193 *, 26.382 | liquid film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion | [59] |
250 μm | 62.544 *, 38.807 | ||||
75 μm | 78.609 *, 41.142 | ||||
5 μm | 89.291 *, NA | ||||
0.5 μm | 97.559 *, NA | ||||
PE | 0.15–0.425 mm | Chlortetracycline hydrochloride | 355.5 | intermolecular van der Waals force | [60] |
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride | 352.6 | ||||
Tetracycline hydrochloride | 253.9 | ||||
PS | ~75 μm | Ciprofloxacin | 10,200 | partition, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction | [37] |
PE | 28 μm | Ofloxacin | 40.8 | partitioning and van der Waals force | [61] |
48 μm | 15.2 | ||||
75 μm | 6.9 | ||||
250 μm | 1.8 | ||||
590 μm | 1.4 | ||||
28 μm | Levofloxacin | 39.5 | |||
48 μm | 13.6 | ||||
75 μm | 5.6 | ||||
250 μm | 1.4 | ||||
590 μm | 1.1 | ||||
PE | 50 μm | MC-LR | 722 | van der Waals force, electrostatic interaction and pore-filling | This study |
PS | 50 μm | MC-LR | 843 | van der Waals force, electrostatic interaction, and pore–filling, π–π bond | |
PMMA | 50 μm | MC-LR | 521 | van der Waals force, electrostatic interaction and pore-filling, hydrogen bond |
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Tang, B.; Tang, Y.; Zhou, X.; Liu, M.; Li, H.; Qi, J. The Inhibition of Microcystin Adsorption by Microplastics in the Presence of Algal Organic Matters. Toxics 2022, 10, 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060339
Tang B, Tang Y, Zhou X, Liu M, Li H, Qi J. The Inhibition of Microcystin Adsorption by Microplastics in the Presence of Algal Organic Matters. Toxics. 2022; 10(6):339. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060339
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Bingran, Ying Tang, Xin Zhou, Mengzi Liu, Hong Li, and Jun Qi. 2022. "The Inhibition of Microcystin Adsorption by Microplastics in the Presence of Algal Organic Matters" Toxics 10, no. 6: 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060339