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Article

Extending the DBQ Framework: A Second-Order CFA of Risky Driving Behaviors Among Truck Drivers in Thailand

by
Supanida Nanthawong
1,
Panuwat Wisutwattanasak
2,
Chinnakrit Banyong
3,
Thanapong Champahom
4,
Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha
1 and
Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao
1,*
1
School of Transportation Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
2
Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
3
Industrial and Logistics Management Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
4
Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Logistics 2025, 9(3), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030134
Submission received: 8 August 2025 / Revised: 16 September 2025 / Accepted: 18 September 2025 / Published: 22 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)
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Abstract

Background: Truck drivers are a vital workforce sustaining Thailand’s freight transport, particularly in Northeastern Thailand (Isan), a major logistics hub connecting with Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia via Highway No. 2 and the AEC network. However, these drivers face disproportionately high risks of severe road accidents due to occupational factors such as fatigue, time pressure, and long-distance driving. Methods: This study developed and validated a second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model to examine the multidimensional structure of risky driving behavior among Thai truck drivers. Grounded in the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), the framework was extended to include seven dimensions: traffic violations, errors, lapses, aggressive behavior, substance use, technology-related distractions, and pedestrian-related risks. Results: Data were collected from 400 truck drivers in Isan using a structured questionnaire. CFA results confirmed the model’s structural validity, with satisfactory fit indices (X2/df = 2.122, CFI = 0.913, TLI = 0.897, RMSEA = 0.053, SRMR = 0.079). Conclusions: The findings reveal that risky driving behavior in this group extends beyond traditional DBQ categories, incorporating emerging risks specific to the commercial transport environment. This framework can be effectively utilized for risk assessment, behavioral screening, and the development of targeted safety interventions for this high-risk occupational group.
Keywords: driver behavior questionnaire; truck drivers; driver risk assessment; confirmatory factor analysis driver behavior questionnaire; truck drivers; driver risk assessment; confirmatory factor analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nanthawong, S.; Wisutwattanasak, P.; Banyong, C.; Champahom, T.; Ratanavaraha, V.; Jomnonkwao, S. Extending the DBQ Framework: A Second-Order CFA of Risky Driving Behaviors Among Truck Drivers in Thailand. Logistics 2025, 9, 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030134

AMA Style

Nanthawong S, Wisutwattanasak P, Banyong C, Champahom T, Ratanavaraha V, Jomnonkwao S. Extending the DBQ Framework: A Second-Order CFA of Risky Driving Behaviors Among Truck Drivers in Thailand. Logistics. 2025; 9(3):134. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030134

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nanthawong, Supanida, Panuwat Wisutwattanasak, Chinnakrit Banyong, Thanapong Champahom, Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha, and Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao. 2025. "Extending the DBQ Framework: A Second-Order CFA of Risky Driving Behaviors Among Truck Drivers in Thailand" Logistics 9, no. 3: 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030134

APA Style

Nanthawong, S., Wisutwattanasak, P., Banyong, C., Champahom, T., Ratanavaraha, V., & Jomnonkwao, S. (2025). Extending the DBQ Framework: A Second-Order CFA of Risky Driving Behaviors Among Truck Drivers in Thailand. Logistics, 9(3), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030134

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