Integrating Biomass Conversion Technologies with Recovery Operations In-Woods: Modeling Supply Chain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Biomass Conversion Technology and Forest Operations
1.2. Network Analysis on Supply Chain
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Explanation of Concepts/Terminology Used in the Article
2.2. Study Area and Timber Harvesting Operations
2.3. Description of Biomass Recovery Operation
2.4. Models and Scenarios
2.5. Spatial Dataset
2.6. Developing Logistics Model
2.7. Centralized Biomass Recovery Operation Supply Chain
- Area equal to or more than 0.09 ha (without storage);
- Eliminating areas that were included WLPZ: Achieved by drawing buffers around the WLPZ and removing areas which overlapped with the harvest units;
- Steepness of the terrain less than or equal to 3% slope: Digital elevation models were classified;
- Access to permanent road: Union function was used to find harvest areas that overlapped with permanent roads.
2.8. Network Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Temporal Nature of the Supply Chain
3.2. Enhancing Efficiency of the Supply Chain
3.2.1. Scaling Effects
3.2.2. Unit Effect
3.2.3. Efficiency Effect
3.3. Implications of the Supply Chain on Timber Harvesting Operations
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Without Storage 1 | With Storage | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CBRO Sites | BCT Sites | CBRO Sites | BCT Sites | ||
LM I | Scenario I | N/A 2 | 0.95 | N/A | 2.12 |
Scenario II | N/A | 0.59 | N/A | 1.32 | |
Scenario III | N/A | 0.30 | N/A | 0.66 | |
LM II | Scenario IV | 0.09 | 1.44 | 0.09 | 5.10 |
Scenario V | 0.09 | 0.88 | 0.09 | 3.10 | |
Scenario VI | 0.09 | 0.45 | 0.09 | 1.55 |
CBRO Sites | BCT Sites | ||
---|---|---|---|
LM I | Scenario I | N/A 1 | 89 |
Scenario II | N/A | 114 | |
Scenario III | N/A | 159 | |
LM II | Scenario IV | 236 | 64 |
Scenario V | 236 | 86 | |
Scenario VI | 236 | 136 |
Harvest Site to CBRO | CBRO to BCT | BCT to Market | Harvest Site to Market | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 BCT | Total | Average | Total | Average | Total | Average | Total | Average | |
LM I | Scenario I | 200 | 0.64 | N/A 1 | N/A | 0.82 | 0.41 | 201 | 1.05 |
Scenario II | 197 | 0.65 | N/A | N/A | 0.92 | 0.46 | 198 | 1.11 | |
Scenario III | 510 | 0.40 | N/A | N/A | 1.19 | 0.60 | 511 | 0.99 | |
LM II | Scenario IV | 1850 | 0.63 | 17 | 0.43 | 1.18 | 0.59 | 1869 | 1.65 |
Scenario V | 1124 | 0.51 | 20 | 0.51 | 1.01 | 0.50 | 1145 | 1.52 | |
Scenario VI | 1468 | 0.59 | 22 | 0.54 | 1.15 | 0.58 | 1491 | 1.70 | |
5 BCT | |||||||||
LM I | Scenario I | 463 | 0.61 | N/A | N/A | 3.15 | 0.63 | 466 | 1.24 |
Scenario II | 278 | 0.51 | N/A | N/A | 3.27 | 0.65 | 281 | 1.16 | |
Scenario III | 510 | 0.40 | N/A | N/A | 3.46 | 0.69 | 513 | 1.09 | |
LM II | Scenario IV | 1047 | 0.50 | 37 | 0.37 | 3.18 | 0.64 | 1087 | 1.51 |
Scenario V | 1017 | 0.49 | 55 | 0.55 | 2.95 | 0.59 | 1075 | 1.63 | |
Scenario VI | 1211 | 0.52 | 52 | 0.52 | 3.29 | 0.66 | 1266 | 1.69 |
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Paulson, J.S.; Kizha, A.R.; Han, H.-S. Integrating Biomass Conversion Technologies with Recovery Operations In-Woods: Modeling Supply Chain. Logistics 2019, 3, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics3030016
Paulson JS, Kizha AR, Han H-S. Integrating Biomass Conversion Technologies with Recovery Operations In-Woods: Modeling Supply Chain. Logistics. 2019; 3(3):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics3030016
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulson, Jeffrey Steven, Anil Raj Kizha, and Han-Sup Han. 2019. "Integrating Biomass Conversion Technologies with Recovery Operations In-Woods: Modeling Supply Chain" Logistics 3, no. 3: 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics3030016