The Effect of Third Molars on the Mandibular Anterior Crowding Relapse—A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Information Sources, Search Strategy and Study Selection
2.3. Study Selection
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Risk of Bias in Individual Studies
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Study Characteristics
3.3. Within Studies Risk of Bias
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths and Limitations
4.2. Recommendations for Future Research
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Articles | Population/Age Mean | Intervention | Compared With | Outcome of Interest of the Studies Method of Measurement | Method of Assessment | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fastlicht, 1970 [15] | Total: 99, 60 F and39 M EG: 19 y 8 m; CG: 19 y 10 m | Participants with Class II, division 1 treated to normal occlusion. | EG: Orthodontic treatment (n = 28, 15 F, 13 M) CG: No orthodontic treatment (n = 28, 15 F, 13 M) | Mesiodistal incisor size, Intercanine width | Plaster models, cephalometric radiographs, photos before and after treatment | Crowding of mandibular incisors with existing 3rd molars: EG: p = 0.05 CG: p = 0.10 |
Kaplan., 1974 [16] | Total: 75, 48 F and 27 M | Orthodontic treatment in Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 malocclusion | Orthodontically treated subjects with mandibular 3rd molars: EG1: bilaterally erupted into function, EG2: bilaterally impacted, EG3: bilateral agenesis | Arch length, Intermolar width, Intercanine width, Lower anterior crowding, Lower anterior rotations, IMPA, Lower incisor x coordinate, Lower molar x coordinate | Plaster models Cephalometric analysis | No difference between groups |
Ades et al., 1990 [17] | Total: 97 28 y 6 m | Orthodontic treatment in Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 malocclusion | Orthodontically treated subjects with mandibular 3rd molars: EG1: impacted EG2: erupted into function EG3: congenitally absent EG4:extracted at least 10 y earlier | Irregularity index, Mandibular intercanine width, Mandibular arch length, Overbite, Overjet, IMPA, Lower incisor x coordinate, Lower incisor y coordinate, Lower incisor angle to x axis, Lower first molar x coordinate, Lower first molar y coordinate, Lower first molar angle to axis | Plaster models, Cephalometric analysis | Mandibular anterior crowding. EG1: 3rd molars erupted: x = 3.19; SD = 2.20 EG2: Bilateral 3rd molar impaction: x = 2.27; SD = 1.81 EG3: Bilateral 3rd molar agenesis: x = 2.55; SD = 1.40 EG4: Bilateral 3rd molar extraction: x = 3.25; SD = 5.34 (f = 0.3130) Intercanine width: returned to original dimension during postretention period (x: −1.7 ± 1.4 mm; p ≤ 0.01); Length of arch: diminished significantly in all groups without significant Difference between groups No difference between groups |
Kahl-Nieke et al., 1995 [27] | Total: 226, 131 F and 95 M Pre-treatment: mean age 11.3 y; post-treatment: mean age 15.5 y; post-retention: mean age 31.2 y | Orthodontically treated subjects | T1: Pre-treatment, T2: Post-treatment, T3: Post-retention EG1: post-retention changes ≤3 mm, EG2: post-retention changes >3 mm | Intercanine width, Intermolar width, Arch length, Little irregularity index, Crowding, Overbite, Overjet, Occlusion | Plaster models | Slightly greater irregularity index in the 3rd molar group |
van der Schoot et al., 1997 [20] | Total: 99, 60 F and 39 M Pre-treatment: mean 12.8 y; post-treatment: mean 15 y; post-retention: mean 22.3 y | Orthodontically treated subjects | EG1: Right 3rd molar (mandibular arch, n = 24; maxillary arch, n = 23), EG2: No erupted 3rd molar (mandibular arch, n = 19; maxillary arch, n = 22), EG3: Right and left 3rd molars extracted (mandibular arch, n = 47; maxillary arch, n = 37), EG4: One or both 3rd molars congenitally missing (mandibular arch, n = 8; maxillary arch, n = 7) | Arch length discrepancy of the maxillary and mandibular front/anterior teeth, Arch length discrepancy of the left and right premolar area, Irregularity index of maxillary and mandibular front/anterior teeth | Plaster models, Panoramic radiographs | No significant difference between the groups (t1, t2, and t3) regarding the irregularity index in both arches. Improvement between t1–t2, deterioration between t2–t3 (p > 0.5) |
Harradine et al., 1998 [21] | Total: 77, 45 F and 32 M 14y 10 m | Orthodontically treated subjects without use of appliances and/or retainer bar | EG1: 3rd molar removed (n = 44), EG2: 3rd molar maintained (n = 33) | Little’s index of irregularity, Intercanine width, Arch length | Plaster models, Lateral cephalometric radiographs | Value of irregularity: 3rd molar extraction, 0.80 mm 3rd molar not extracted, 1.10 mm (p =0.55) Intercanine width: no clinical/statistical difference Arch length: small reduction, Small statistical difference (p = 0.0001) in the group with no extraction (2.1 mm) in comparison with the extraction group (1.1 mm) |
Little, 1999 [19] | Patients pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 10 y post-retention. | EG1: Bilateral 3rd molar impaction (n = 14) EG2: Erupted 3rd molars (n = 32) EG3: Bilateral agenesis of 3rd molars (n = 17) | Incisal irregularity index, Arch length, Intercanine width | Plaster models, Lateral cephalometric radiographs | The incisal irregularity increased in all groups; Arch length: reduced in all groups; Intercanine width: reduced in all groups | |
Al-Balkhi, 2004 [23] | Total: 32 14–19 y | Orthodontically treated subjects without retainer in the lower arch | EG1: Re-crowded lower incisors EG2: Uncrowded lower incisors | Crowding | Panoramic evaluation, plaster models. | EG1 ≈ EG2 |
Okazaki, 2010 [25] | Total: 40, 36 F and 4 M mean 23.9 y | Orthodontically treated subjects with four premolars extracted, Wrap-around retainer | T1: 0–3 m T2: 3–6 m T3: 6–12 m T4: 12–18 m | Interproximal force (IPF) evaluation in mandibular anterior region Irregularity index | Mandibular arch Plaster casts | Correlations between IPF and irregularity index: T1, T2: p > 0.05 T3, T4: p < 0.05 |
Cotrin et al., 2019 [22] | Total: 108 | Orthodontically treated subjects | T1: Pre-treatment T2: Post-treatment T3: At least 3y post-retention EG1: 72 (39 F, 33 M) EG2: 36 (18 F, 18 M) | Little’s irregularity index | Plaster casts | EG1 ≈ EG2 |
Signalling Questions | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Summary |
Fastlicht, 1970 [15] | L | H | L | H | L | L | L | L | L | H |
Kaplan., 1974 [16] | H | L | U | L | U | U | U | L | L | H |
Ades et al., 1990 [17] | H | H | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | H |
Kahl-Nieke et al., 1995 [27] | H | H | U | L | U | U | U | L | L | H |
van der Schoot et al., 1997 [20] | H | H | U | L | U | U | L | L | L | H |
Harradine et al., 1998 [21] | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Little 1999 [19] | H | H | U | H | U | U | U | U | L | H |
Al-Balkhi, 2004 [23] | L | L | U | H | U | U | U | L | L | H |
Okazaki, 2010 [25] | L | L | H | L | H | U | L | L | L | H |
Cotrin et al., 2019 [22] | U | L | U | L | U | U | L | L | L | L |
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Lyros, I.; Vasoglou, G.; Lykogeorgos, T.; Tsolakis, I.A.; Maroulakos, M.P.; Fora, E.; Tsolakis, A.I. The Effect of Third Molars on the Mandibular Anterior Crowding Relapse—A Systematic Review. Dent. J. 2023, 11, 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050131
Lyros I, Vasoglou G, Lykogeorgos T, Tsolakis IA, Maroulakos MP, Fora E, Tsolakis AI. The Effect of Third Molars on the Mandibular Anterior Crowding Relapse—A Systematic Review. Dentistry Journal. 2023; 11(5):131. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050131
Chicago/Turabian StyleLyros, Ioannis, Georgios Vasoglou, Theodoros Lykogeorgos, Ioannis A. Tsolakis, Michael P. Maroulakos, Eleni Fora, and Apostolos I. Tsolakis. 2023. "The Effect of Third Molars on the Mandibular Anterior Crowding Relapse—A Systematic Review" Dentistry Journal 11, no. 5: 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050131