Home-Applied Dual-Light Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Stable Chronic Periodontitis (HOPE-CP)—Three-Month Interim Results
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Sample Size
2.3. Eligibility Criteria for Study Participants
2.3.1. Inclusion Criteria
- Periodontal disease stage I–III, according to criteria the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) with at least 2 mm interdental clinical attachment level (CAL) in the site of greatest loss;
- Age of 18–85 years;
- Presence of ≥20 teeth;
- Agreement to participate in the study and to sign a written consent form.
2.3.2. Exclusion Criteria
- Untreated/uncontrollable diabetes mellitus (DM) with HbA1c ≥ 7% and HbA1c ≥ 8 if insulin-treated DM.
- Any systemic disease (e.g., wound healing dysfunctions) that could alter the progression of periodontal disease.
- Use of medicine that would affect the periodontal tissue within the last six months (antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, or calcium channel blockers, including doxycycline, bisphosphonates, and chlorhexidine).
- Periodontal treatment during the previous three months.
- Allergic to photosensitizer.
- Presence of significant physical limitations or restrictions that prohibit the hygiene procedures used in the study protocol.
- Removable major prosthesis or major orthodontic appliance.
- Current smoking or habitual use of smokeless tobacco products.
- Pregnancy or lactation.
- A need for hopeless tooth extraction or open cavities in need of immediate endodontic treatment.
2.4. Randomization
2.5. Intra-Examiner Reproducibility
2.6. Clinical Procedure
2.7. Anti-Infective Treatment
2.8. Clinical Measurements
2.9. Dual-Light aPDT Treatment
2.10. Compliance and Adverse Events Reporting
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics of the Patient Population
3.2. Bleeding on Probing (BOP)
3.3. Plaque Index
3.4. Periodontal Pockets
3.5. Compliance and Adverse Events
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pakarinen, S.; Saarela, R.K.T.; Välimaa, H.; Heikkinen, A.M.; Kankuri, E.; Noponen, M.; Alapulli, H.; Tervahartiala, T.; Räisänen, I.T.; Sorsa, T.; et al. Home-Applied Dual-Light Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Stable Chronic Periodontitis (HOPE-CP)—Three-Month Interim Results. Dent. J. 2022, 10, 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10110206
Pakarinen S, Saarela RKT, Välimaa H, Heikkinen AM, Kankuri E, Noponen M, Alapulli H, Tervahartiala T, Räisänen IT, Sorsa T, et al. Home-Applied Dual-Light Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Stable Chronic Periodontitis (HOPE-CP)—Three-Month Interim Results. Dentistry Journal. 2022; 10(11):206. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10110206
Chicago/Turabian StylePakarinen, Saila, Riitta K. T. Saarela, Hannamari Välimaa, Anna Maria Heikkinen, Esko Kankuri, Marja Noponen, Heikki Alapulli, Taina Tervahartiala, Ismo T. Räisänen, Timo Sorsa, and et al. 2022. "Home-Applied Dual-Light Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Stable Chronic Periodontitis (HOPE-CP)—Three-Month Interim Results" Dentistry Journal 10, no. 11: 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10110206