Knowledge and Perceptions of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation among General Dental Practitioners, Paediatric Dentists, and Other Dental Specialists in Indonesia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Weerheijm, K.; Duggal, M.; Mejare, I.; Papagiannoulis, L.; Koch, G.; Martens, L.C.; Hallonsten, A.L. Judgement criteria for Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies—A summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003. Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent. 2003, 3, 110–113. [Google Scholar]
- Willmott, N.S.; Bryan, R.A.E.; Duggal, M.S. Molar-incisor-hypomineralisation: A literature review. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 2008, 9, 172–179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lygidakis, N.; Garot, E.; Somani, C.; Taylor, G.; Rouas, P.; Wong, F. Best clinical practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH): An updated European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry policy document. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 2022, 23, 3–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Negre-Barber, A.; Montiel-Company, J.M.; Boronat-Catala, M.; Catala-Pizarro, M.; Almerich-Silla, J.M. Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars as Predictor of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 31929. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Elfrink, M.E.; ten Cate, J.M.; Jaddoe, V.W.; Hofman, A.; Moll, H.A.; Veerkamp, J.S. Deciduous molar hypomineralization and molar incisor hypomineralization. J. Dent. Res. 2012, 91, 551–555. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garot, E.; Denis, A.; Delbos, Y.; Manton, D.; Silva, M.; Rouas, P. Are hypomineralised lesions on second primary molars (HSPM) a predictive sign of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH)? A systematic review and a meta-analysis. J. Dent. 2018, 72, 8–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghanim, A.; Manton, D.; Mariño, R.; Morgan, M.; Bailey, D. Prevalence of demarcated hypomineralisation defects in second primary molars in Iraqi children. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 2013, 23, 48–55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fatturi, A.L.; Wambier, L.M.; Chibinski, A.C.; Assunção, L.R.D.S.; Brancher, J.A.; Reis, A.; Souza, J.F. A systematic review and meta-analysis of systemic exposure associated with molar incisor hypomineralization. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 2019, 47, 407–415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garot, E.; Rouas, P.; Somani, C.; Taylor, G.; Wong, F.; Lygidakis, N. An update of the aetiological factors involved in molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 2021, 23, 23–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghanim, A.; Silva, M.J.; Elfrink, M.E.C.; Lygidakis, N.A.; Mariño, R.J.; Weerheijm, K.L.; Manton, D.J. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) training manual for clinical field surveys and practice. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 2017, 18, 225–242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ghanim, A.; Elfrink, M.; Weerheijm, K.; Marino, R.; Manton, D. A practical method for use in epidemiological studies on enamel hypomineralisation. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 2015, 16, 235–246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elhennawy, K.; Manton, D.J.; Crombie, F.; Zaslansky, P.; Radlanski, R.J.; Jost-Brinkmann, P.G.; Schwendicke, F. Structural, mechanical and chemical evaluation of molar-incisor hypomineralization-affected enamel: A systematic review. Arch. Oral Biol. 2017, 83, 272–281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Neves, A.B.; Americano, G.C.A.; Soares, D.V.; Soviero, V.M. Breakdown of demarcated opacities related to molar-incisor hypomineralization: A longitudinal study. Clin. Oral Investig. 2019, 23, 611–615. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Americano, G.; Jacobsen, P.; Soviero, V.; Haubek, D. A systematic review on the association between molar incisor hypomineralization and dental caries. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 2017, 27, 11–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Negre-Barber, A.; Montiel-Company, J.M.; Catala-Pizarro, M.; Almerich-Silla, J.M. Degree of severity of molar incisor hypomineralization and its relation to dental caries. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 1248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Seow, W.K. Developmental defects of enamel and dentine: Challenges for basic science research and clinical management. Aust. Dent. J. 2014, 59, 143–154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lygidakis, N.A. Treatment modalities in children with teeth affected by molar-incisor enamel hypomineralisation (MIH)—A systematic review. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 2010, 11, 65–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bekes, K.; Weerheijm, K. Diagnosis, Classifications and Treatment Strategies of MIH-Affected Teeth. In Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Clinical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment; Bekes, K., Ed.; Springer Nature: Cham, Switzerland, 2020; pp. 47–58. [Google Scholar]
- Schwendicke, F.; Elhennawy, K.; Krois, J. Prevalence, Incidence, and Burden of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. In Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Clinical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment; Bekes, K., Ed.; Springer Nature: Cham, Switzerland, 2020; pp. 21–32. [Google Scholar]
- Schwendicke, F.; Elhennawy, K.; Reda, S.; Bekes, K.; Manton, D.J.; Krois, J. Global burden of molar incisor hypomineralization. J. Dent. 2018, 68, 10–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pentapati, K.; Yeturu, S.; Siddiq, H. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization. J. Int. Oral Health 2017, 9, 243–250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, D.; Dong, B.; Yu, D.; Ren, Q.; Sun, Y. The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization: Evidence from 70 studies. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 2018, 28, 170–179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ng, J.J.; Eu, O.C.; Nair, R.; Hong, C.H. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in Singaporean children. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 2015, 25, 73–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hussein, A.; Faisal, M.; Haron, M.; Ghanim, A.; Abu-Hassan, M. Distribution of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Malaysian Children Attending University Dental Clinic. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 2015, 39, 219–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pitiphat, W.; Luangchaichaweng, S.; Pungchanchaikul, P.; Angwaravong, O.; Chansamak, N. Factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralization in Thai children. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 2014, 122, 265–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maharani, D.; Zhang, S.; Gao, S.; Chu, C.; Rahardjo, A. Dental Caries and the Erosive Tooth Wear Status of 12-Year-Old Children in Jakarta, Indonesia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2994. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ghanim, A.; Morgan, M.; Mariño, R.; Manton, D.; Bailey, D. Perception of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) by Iraqi dental academics. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 2011, 21, 261–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gamboa, G.; Lee, G.; Ekambaram, M.; Yiu, C. Knowledge, perceptions, and clinical experiences on molar incisor hypomineralization among dental care providers in Hong Kong. BMC Oral Health 2018, 18, 217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Serna-Muñoz, C.; Martínez-Beneyto, Y.; Pérez-Silva, A.; Poza-Pascual, A.; Ibáñez-López, F.; Ortiz-Ruiz, A. Perception, knowledge, and attitudes towards molar incisor hypomineralization among Spanish dentists: A cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2020, 20, 260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alanzi, A.; Faridoun, A.; Kavvadia, K.; Ghanim, A. Dentists’ perception, knowledge, and clinical management of molar-incisorhypomineralisation in Kuwait: A crosssectional study. BMC Oral Health 2018, 18, 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Skaare, A.; Houlihan, C.; Nybø, C.; Brusevold, I. Knowledge, experience and perception regarding molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) among dentists and dental hygienists in Oslo, Norway. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 2021, 22, 850–860. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gambetta-Tessini, K.; Marino, R.; Ghanim, A.; Calache, H.; Manton, D.J. Knowledge, experience and perceptions regarding Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) amongst Australian and Chilean public oral health care practitioners. BMC Oral Health 2016, 16, 75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jälevik, B. Prevalence and Diagnosis of Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH): A systematic review. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 2010, 11, 59–64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elfrink, M.E.; Ghanim, A.; Manton, D.J.; Weerheijm, K.L. Standardised studies on Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM): A need. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 2015, 16, 247–255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Americano, G.; Soviero, V.M. Association between Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and Dental Caries. In Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Clinical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment, 1st ed.; Bekes, K., Ed.; Springer Nature: Cham, Switzerland, 2020; pp. 59–67. [Google Scholar]
- Silva, M.J.; Alhowaish, L.; Ghanim, A.; Manton, D.J. Knowledge and attitudes regarding molar incisor hypomineralisation amongst Saudi Arabian dental practitioners and dental students. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 2016, 17, 215–222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Characteristic | Total (n = 266) n (%) | GD (n = 122) n (%) | PD (n = 84) n (%) | DS (n = 60) n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male | 57 (21.4%) | 25 (20.5%) | 10 (11.9%) | 22 (36.7%) |
Female | 209 (78.6%) | 97(79.5%) | 74 (88.1%) | 38 (63.3%) |
Age group | ||||
≤30 | 45 (16.9%) | 43 (35.2%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (1.7%) |
31–40 | 118 (44.4%) | 40 (32.8%) | 49 (58.3%) | 29 (48.3%) |
41–50 | 67 (25.2%) | 27 (22.1%) | 19 (22.6%) | 21 (35%) |
≥51 | 36 (13.5%) | 12 (9.8%) | 15 (17.9%) | 9 (15%) |
Years of practice | ||||
<5 | 48 (18%) | 43 (35.2%) | 3 (3.6%) | 2 (3.3%) |
6–10 | 58 (21.8%) | 21 (17.2%) | 23 (27.4%) | 14 (23.3%) |
11–20 | 94 (35.3%) | 32 (26.2%) | 37 (44.0%) | 25 (41.7%) |
21–30 | 55 (20.7%) | 22 (18%) | 17 (20.2%) | 16 (26.7%) |
>31 | 11 (4.1%) | 4 (3.3%) | 4 (4.8%) | 3 (5%) |
Type of practice | ||||
Solo private practice | 59 (22.2%) | 35 (28.7%) | 12 (14.3%) | 12 (20.0%) |
Group practice | 120 (45.1%) | 67 (54.9%) | 23 (38.1%) | 21 (35.0%) |
Hospital | 87 (32.7%) | 20 (16.4%) | 40 (47.6%) | 27 (45.0%) |
Location of practice | ||||
Urban | 257 (96.6%) | 114 (93.4%) | 84 (100%) | 59 (98.3%) |
Rural | 9 (3.4%) | 8 (6.6%) | 0 | 1 (1.7%) |
Province of practice | ||||
Aceh | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
North Sumatra | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Riau | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
South Sumatera | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Lampung | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Jakarta | 161 | 65 | 54 | 42 |
Banten | 32 | 15 | 9 | 8 |
West Java | 42 | 20 | 16 | 6 |
Yogyakarta | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
East Java | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Central Java | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Bali | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
West Borneo | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
South Borneo | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
There was adequate training in dental school regarding MIH management | ||||
Agree | 186 (69.9%) | 81 (66.4%) | 62 (73.9%) | 43 (71.7%) |
Disagree | 80 (30.1%) | 41 (33.6%) | 22 (26.2%) | 17 (28.3%) |
Knowledge Questions | Knowledge Scores | Percentage Distribution of Dental Practitioners Answered “YES” n (%) | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | All (n = 266) n (%) | GD (n = 122) n (%) | PD (n = 84) n (%) | DS (n = 60) n (%) | ||
Have you been aware that MIH is a developmental defect that differs from hypoplasia and fluorosis? | 9 | 0 | 226 (85%) | 102 (83.6%) | 70 (83.3%) | 54 (90%) | 0.463 |
What is your opinion about the prevalence of MIH in your community? (One option chosen) | 0.198 | ||||||
<5% | 0 | ^ | 55 (20.7%) | 28 (23.0%) | 9 (10.7%) | 18 (30.0%) | |
5–10% | 1 | ^ | 53 (19.9%) | 24 (19.7%) | 20 (23.8%) | 9 (15.0%) | |
10–20% | 1 | ^ | 23 (6.8%) | 11 (9.0%) | 6 (7.1%) | 6 (10.0%) | |
>20% | 1 | ^ | 24 (9.0%) | 12 (9.8%) | 9 (10.7%) | 3 (5.0%) | |
No national data available | 6 | ^ | 111 (41.7%) | 47 (38.5%) | 40 (47.6%) | 24(40.0%) | |
Do you think these are MIH aetiologic factors? | |||||||
Genetics | 5 | 4 | 191 (71.8%) | 91 (74.6%) | 55 (65.5%) | 45 (75.0%) | 0.296 |
Contaminants from environmental factors | 5 | 4 | 186 (69.9%) | 84 (68.9%) | 61 (72.6%) | 41 (68.3%) | 0.807 |
Chronic medical conditions affecting mother and child | 6 | 3 | 226 (85.0%) | 98 (80.3%) | 76 (90.5%) | 52 (86.7%) | 0.123 |
Acute medical conditions affecting mother/ child | 6 | 3 | 163 (61.3%) | 69 (56.6%) | 57 (67.9%) | 37 (61.7%) | 0.262 |
Medications such as antibiotics | 5 | 4 | 186 (69.9%) | 85 (69.7%) | 57 (67.9%) | 44 (73.3%) | 0.776 |
Exposure of fluoride | 1 | 8 | 113 (42.5%) | 57 (46.7%) | 26 (31.0%) | 30 (50.0%) | 0.032 * |
When do you think the insult occurs? (One option chosen) | 0.616 | ||||||
During pregnancy | 1 | ^ | 66 (24.8%) | 36 (29.5%) | 14 (16.7%) | 16 (26.7%) | |
First year of life | 3 | ^ | 29 (10.9%) | 12 (9.8%) | 12 (14.3%) | 5 (8.3%) | |
Third year of life | 0 | ^ | 41 (15.4%) | 17 (13.9%) | 16 (19.0%) | 8 (13.3%) | |
Pregnancy to first year of life | 3 | ^ | 53 (19.9%) | 22 (18.0%) | 18 (21.4%) | 13 (21.7%) | |
Pregnancy to third year of life | 2 | ^ | 77 (28.9%) | 35 (28.7%) | 24 (28.6%) | 18 (30.0%) | |
Do you think MIH related caries pattern differentiate from classical dental caries pattern? | 7 | 1 | 179 (67.3%) | 71 (58.2%) | 70 (83.3%) | 38 (63.3%) | 0.004 * |
Mean knowledge score (SD) | 46.9 (6.7) | 45.4 (6.3) | 49.2 (7.1) | 46.5 (6.3) | 0.001 | ||
Range | Min. 20 | Max. 60 | 23–60 | 23–59 | 33–59 | 36–60 |
Questions | All | GD | PD | DS | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Confidence in diagnosing and treating MIH | 0.000 * | ||||
How do you feel about diagnosing MIH? | |||||
Very confident | 8 (3.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 5 (6.0%) | 2 (3.3%) | |
Confident | 128 (48.1%) | 46 (37.7%) | 56 (66.7%) | 26 (43.3%) | |
Unconfident | 125 (47.0%) | 74 (60.7%) | 23 (24.7%) | 28 (46.7%) | |
Very unconfident | 5 (1.9%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 | 4 (6.7%) | |
How do you feel about treating MIH? | 0.020 * | ||||
Very confident | 5 (1.9%) | 1 (0.8%) | 2 (2.4%) | 2 (3.3%) | |
Confident | 114 (42.9%) | 44 (36.1%) | 47 (56.0%) | 23 (38.3%) | |
Unconfident | 126 (47.4%) | 64 (52.5%) | 34 (40.5%) | 28 (46.7%) | |
Very unconfident | 21 (7.9%) | 13 (10.7%) | 1 (1.2%) | 7 (11.7%) | |
Continuing education | 0.001 * | ||||
Are you receiving any information on MIH? (YES) | 217 (81.6%) | 96 (78.7%) | 79 (94.0%) | 42 (70.0%) | |
Books | 7 (2.6%) | 1 (0.8%) | 4 (4.8%) | 2 (3.3%) | |
Campus | 41 (15.4%) | 22 (18.0%) | 11 (13.1%) | 8 (13.3%) | |
Continuing Education | 44 (16.5%) | 15 (12.3%) | 21 (25.0%) | 8 (13.3%) | |
Dental journal | 100 (37.6%) | 41 (33.6%) | 40 (47.6%) | 19 (31.7%) | |
4 (1.5%) | 2 (1.6%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (1.7%) | ||
YouTube | 9 (3.4%) | 6 (4.9%) | 1 (1.2%) | 2 (3.3%) | |
Others | 15 (5.6%) | 9 (7.4%) | 2 (2.4%) | 4 (6.7%) | |
Would you like further training regarding tooth hypomineralisation? (Yes) | |||||
Diagnosis | 240 (90.2%) | 118 (96.7%) | 75 (89.3%) | 47 (78.3%) | 0.000 * |
Aetiology | 235 (88.3%) | 114 (93.4%) | 76 (90.5%) | 45 (75.0%) | 0.001 * |
Treatment | 247 (92.9%) | 119 (97.5%) | 80 (95.2%) | 48 (80.0%) | 0.000 * |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Dian, E.; Budiardjo, S.B.; Ghanim, A.; Amir, L.R.; Maharani, D.A. Knowledge and Perceptions of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation among General Dental Practitioners, Paediatric Dentists, and Other Dental Specialists in Indonesia. Dent. J. 2022, 10, 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10100190
Dian E, Budiardjo SB, Ghanim A, Amir LR, Maharani DA. Knowledge and Perceptions of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation among General Dental Practitioners, Paediatric Dentists, and Other Dental Specialists in Indonesia. Dentistry Journal. 2022; 10(10):190. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10100190
Chicago/Turabian StyleDian, Enrita, Sarworini Bagio Budiardjo, Aghareed Ghanim, Lisa Rinanda Amir, and Diah Ayu Maharani. 2022. "Knowledge and Perceptions of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation among General Dental Practitioners, Paediatric Dentists, and Other Dental Specialists in Indonesia" Dentistry Journal 10, no. 10: 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10100190