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Volume 12
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10.3390/separations12110294
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Article

Purification of Rosmarinic Acid from Rosemary Extract and the Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Rosmarinic Acid and Its Derivatives

by
Ai-Jing Chen
1,
Jin Lv
2,
Yu Feng
1,
Chang-Jia Mo
1,
Cheng-Wei Yang
1 and
He Ni
1,*
1
Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
2
Analysis and Testing Center, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Separations 2025, 12(11), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12110294
Submission received: 18 September 2025 / Revised: 11 October 2025 / Accepted: 24 October 2025 / Published: 26 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Chromatographic Technology in Natural Medicine Research)
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Abstract

Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural polyphenolic hydroxyl compound found from plants, exhibits many biological activities. This study reported an efficient purification method for RA from the water-soluble rosemary extract. By employing silica gel column chromatography combined with liquid–liquid extraction, the water-soluble extract of rosemary was refined to yield RA with a purity of 92.85 ± 3.18%. To further enhance the potential of RA as a natural preservative, the prepared RA was esterified to produce methyl rosmarinate (RA-me) and propyl rosmarinate (RA-pro). The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of RA and its derivatives were subsequently evaluated. The results indicated that RA and its esterified derivatives exhibited more pronounced antibacterial efficacy against the Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the ester derivatives was enhanced compared to that of RA. RA and RA-me exhibited comparable antioxidant activity, which was superior to that of RA-pro. In summary, this study established an effective purification strategy for RA, laying a foundation for developing better natural, non-toxic preservatives with antibacterial activity.
Keywords: rosmarinic acid; esterification; natural preservative rosmarinic acid; esterification; natural preservative

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, A.-J.; Lv, J.; Feng, Y.; Mo, C.-J.; Yang, C.-W.; Ni, H. Purification of Rosmarinic Acid from Rosemary Extract and the Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Rosmarinic Acid and Its Derivatives. Separations 2025, 12, 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12110294

AMA Style

Chen A-J, Lv J, Feng Y, Mo C-J, Yang C-W, Ni H. Purification of Rosmarinic Acid from Rosemary Extract and the Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Rosmarinic Acid and Its Derivatives. Separations. 2025; 12(11):294. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12110294

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Ai-Jing, Jin Lv, Yu Feng, Chang-Jia Mo, Cheng-Wei Yang, and He Ni. 2025. "Purification of Rosmarinic Acid from Rosemary Extract and the Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Rosmarinic Acid and Its Derivatives" Separations 12, no. 11: 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12110294

APA Style

Chen, A.-J., Lv, J., Feng, Y., Mo, C.-J., Yang, C.-W., & Ni, H. (2025). Purification of Rosmarinic Acid from Rosemary Extract and the Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Rosmarinic Acid and Its Derivatives. Separations, 12(11), 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12110294

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