Network Analysis of the Association between Minority Stress and Activism in LGB People from Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Minority Stress
1.2. Understanding Activist Engagement
1.3. Role of Activism for Queer Individuals in the Context of Minority Stress
1.4. Aim of This Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Procedure
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Demographic Survey
2.3.2. Internalized Homophobia
2.3.3. Expectations of Rejection
2.3.4. Concealment
2.3.5. Sexual Minority Negative Events
2.3.6. Activism
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Differences between Homosexual and Bisexual People in Minority Stress and Activism
3.2. Differences between Activists and Non-Activists in Minority Stress and Activistic Attitude
3.3. Correlations between Minority Stress and Activism
3.4. Network Analysis for Associations between Minority Stress and Activism
4. Discussion
4.1. Intergroup Differences
4.2. Associations between Sexual Minority Stress and Activism
4.3. Limitation of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Categories | n | % |
---|---|---|---|
Sexual Identification | Bisexual | 94 | 48.96 |
Lesbian and gay | 98 | 51.04 | |
Gender Identification | Women | 111 | 57.81 |
Men | 70 | 36.46 | |
Nonbinary | 11 | 5.73 | |
Education | Primary | 12 | 6.25 |
Vocational | 3 | 1.56 | |
Secondary | 96 | 50.00 | |
Higher | 81 | 42.19 | |
Place of residence | Village | 24 | 12.50 |
City up to 20,000 inhabitants | 8 | 4.17 | |
City 20 to 50 thousand inhabitants | 19 | 9.90 | |
A city of 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants | 14 | 7.29 | |
A city of 100,000 to 500,000 inhabitants | 49 | 25.52 | |
City from 500,000 up to one million inhabitants | 39 | 20.31 | |
A city with over 1 million inhabitants | 39 | 20.31 |
Variable | Lesbian & Gay (n = 98) | Bisexual (n = 94) | t (190) | p | d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||||
Internalized Homophobia | 16.10 | 5.37 | 16.61 | 5.00 | –0.67 | 0.502 | –0.10 |
Expectation of Rejection | 12.90 | 3.95 | 12.18 | 4.21 | 1.22 | 0.225 | –0.10 |
Concealment | 11.97 | 4.80 | 11.80 | 4.40 | 0.26 | 0.797 | 0.04 |
SM Negative Events | 15.67 | 10.29 | 11.63 | 6.97 | 3.18 | 0.002 | 0.46 |
Activism Scale | 14.91 | 5.81 | 15.30 | 5.24 | –0.49 | 0.626 | –0.07 |
Variable | Non-Activist (n = 141) | Activist (n = 51) | t (190) | p | d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||||
Internalized Homophobia | 16.31 | 5.13 | 16.45 | 5.38 | –0.16 | 0.870 | –0.03 |
Expectation of Rejection | 12.32 | 3.94 | 13.18 | 4.44 | –1.29 | 0.200 | –0.21 |
Concealment | 11.64 | 4.46 | 12.57 | 4.95 | –1.24 | 0.216 | –0.20 |
SM Negative Events | 12.24 | 8.47 | 17.71 | 9.38 | –3.84 | <0.001 | –0.63 |
Activism Scale | 13.76 | 5.49 | 18.80 | 3.64 | –6.10 | <0.001 | –1.00 |
Scale | Range | M | SD | IH | ExR | Clm | SMNE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. IH | 9–36 | 16.35 | 5.18 | ||||
2. ExR | 6–24 | 12.55 | 4.08 | 0.20 ** | |||
3. Clm | 6–27 | 11.89 | 4.60 | 0.45 *** | 0.23 ** | ||
4. SMNE | 0–47 | 13.69 | 9.03 | 0.13 | 0.35 *** | 0.08 | |
5. AS | 3–21 | 15.10 | 5.52 | −0.17 * | 0.21 ** | −0.10 | 0.33 *** |
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Krok, A.; Kardasz, Z.; Rogowska, A.M. Network Analysis of the Association between Minority Stress and Activism in LGB People from Poland. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14, 1853-1867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14070122
Krok A, Kardasz Z, Rogowska AM. Network Analysis of the Association between Minority Stress and Activism in LGB People from Poland. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2024; 14(7):1853-1867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14070122
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrok, Aleksandra, Zofia Kardasz, and Aleksandra M. Rogowska. 2024. "Network Analysis of the Association between Minority Stress and Activism in LGB People from Poland" European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 14, no. 7: 1853-1867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14070122
APA StyleKrok, A., Kardasz, Z., & Rogowska, A. M. (2024). Network Analysis of the Association between Minority Stress and Activism in LGB People from Poland. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 14(7), 1853-1867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14070122