Exploring the Association between Attachment Style, Psychological Well-Being, and Relationship Status in Young Adults and Adults—A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Attachment Theory and Romantic Relationships
1.2. Romantic Attachment, Relationship Status, and Psychological Well-Being
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Measures and Procedures
2.2.1. Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB)
2.2.2. Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ)
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Type of Relationship | N | M | SD | t | p | Hedges’ g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Confidence | I | 174 | 30.30 | 5.32 | |||
II | 219 | 30.72 | 4.58 | −0.81 | 0.418 | −0.084 | |
Discomfort with Closeness | I | 174 | 35.95 | 7.06 | |||
II | 219 | 33.58 | 6.23 | 3.535 | < 0.001 | 0.358 | |
Relationships as Secondary | I | 174 | 15.41 | 4.90 | |||
II | 219 | 14.34 | 4.78 | 2.180 | 0.030 | 0.221 | |
Need for approval | I | 174 | 19.85 | 6.62 | |||
II | 219 | 19.10 | 6.43 | 1.140 | 0.255 | 0.116 | |
Preoccupation with relationships | I | 174 | 28.39 | 6.94 | |||
II | 219 | 27.80 | 7.06 | 0.823 | 0.411 | 0.083 |
B | SE | Wald | df | p | Odds Ratio | 95% CI for Odds Ratio | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||||||
Gender | 0.517 | 0.222 | 5.398 | 1 | 0.020 | 1.677 | 1.084 | 2.593 |
Age | 0.012 | 0.008 | 2.148 | 1 | 0.143 | 1.013 | 0.996 | 1.030 |
Confidence | −0.011 | 0.023 | 0.213 | 1 | 0.644 | 0.989 | 0.946 | 1.035 |
Discomfort with Closeness | −0.048 | 0.019 | 6.368 | 1 | 0.012 | 0.953 | 0.919 | 0.989 |
Relationships as Secondary | −0.020 | 0.024 | 0.692 | 1 | 0.406 | 0.980 | 0.935 | 1.028 |
Need for approval | 0.004 | 0.022 | 0.041 | 1 | 0.839 | 1.004 | 0.963 | 1.048 |
Preoccupation with relationships | 0.003 | 0.019 | 0.034 | 1 | 0.854 | 1.003 | 0.967 | 1.041 |
Constant | 1.614 | 1.166 | 1.918 | 1 | 0.166 | 5.024 |
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Age | - | 0.11 | −0.15 * | −0.04 | −0.22 ** | −0.15 * | −0.13 * |
2. Confidence | 0.25 *** | - | −0.33 *** | −0.12 | −0.24 *** | −0.26 *** | 0.25 *** |
3. Discomfort with Closeness | −0.22 ** | −0.30 *** | - | 0.29 *** | 0.44 *** | 0.40 *** | −0.37 *** |
4. Relationships as Secondary | 0.02 | −0.31 *** | 0.34 *** | - | 0.33 *** | 0.13 | −0.31 *** |
5. Need for approval | −0.20 ** | −0.32 *** | 0.37 *** | 0.29 *** | - | 0.55 *** | −0.54 *** |
6. Preoccupation with relationships | −0.21 ** | −0.02 | 0.35 *** | 0.09 | 0.61 *** | - | −0.32 *** |
7. PWB total | 0.06 | 0.45 *** | −0.38 *** | −0.32 *** | −0.68 *** | −0.41 *** | - |
Variable | B | SE | β | t | R2 | ΔR2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.55 | 0.54 *** | |||||
Constant | 90.57 *** | 5.65 | 16.03 | |||
Gender | 0.18 | 1.14 | 0.009 | 0.16 | ||
Age | −0.12 ** | 0.04 | −0.15 ** | −2.74 | ||
Confidence | 0.53 *** | 0.12 | 0.27 *** | 4.52 | ||
Discomfort with Closeness | −0.13 | 0.09 | −0.09 | −1.52 | ||
Relationships as Secondary | −0.08 | 0.12 | −0.04 | −0.67 | ||
Need for approval | −0.83 *** | 0.12 | −0.54 *** | −7.16 | ||
Preoccupation with relationships | −0.10 | 0.10 | −0.07 | −0.98 |
Variable | B | SE | β | t | R2 | ΔR2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.43 | 0.41 *** | |||||
Constant | 100.92 *** | 4.83 | 20.88 | |||
Gender | −2.69 ** | 0.95 | −0.16 ** | −2.83 | ||
Age | −0.17 *** | 0.03 | −0.27 *** | −5.14 | ||
Confidence | 0.20 * | 0.09 | 0.12 * | 2.09 | ||
Discomfort with Closeness | −0.20 * | 0.08 | −0.15 * | −2.48 | ||
Relationships as Secondary | −0.24 * | 0.09 | −0.15 * | −2.53 | ||
Need for approval | −0.59 *** | 0.08 | −0.48 *** | −7.02 | ||
Preoccupation with relationships | −0.04 | 0.07 | −0.03 | −0.50 |
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Sagone, E.; Commodari, E.; Indiana, M.L.; La Rosa, V.L. Exploring the Association between Attachment Style, Psychological Well-Being, and Relationship Status in Young Adults and Adults—A Cross-Sectional Study. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13, 525-539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13030040
Sagone E, Commodari E, Indiana ML, La Rosa VL. Exploring the Association between Attachment Style, Psychological Well-Being, and Relationship Status in Young Adults and Adults—A Cross-Sectional Study. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2023; 13(3):525-539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13030040
Chicago/Turabian StyleSagone, Elisabetta, Elena Commodari, Maria Luisa Indiana, and Valentina Lucia La Rosa. 2023. "Exploring the Association between Attachment Style, Psychological Well-Being, and Relationship Status in Young Adults and Adults—A Cross-Sectional Study" European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 13, no. 3: 525-539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13030040