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GERMS
Volume 7
Issue 4
10.18683/germs.2017.1124
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Article

Observed HIV Drug Resistance Associated Mutations Amongst Naïve Immunocompetent Children in Yaoundé, Cameroon

by
George Mondinde Ikomey
1,*,
Marie Claire Okomo Assoumou
1,
Josiah Otwoma Gichana
2,
Duncan Njenda
2,
Sello Given Mikasi
2,
Martha Mesembe
1,
Emilia Lyonga
1 and
Graeme Brendon Jacobs
2,*
1
Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé P.O. Box 8445, Cameroon
2
Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
GERMS 2017, 7(4), 178-185; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2017.1124
Submission received: 21 March 2017 / Revised: 29 August 2017 / Accepted: 19 October 2017 / Published: 5 December 2017
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: The emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) has been a major threat for successful lifelong combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), especially for HIV-vertically infected children within the context of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). This study aimed to evaluate DRMs amongst immune competent treatment-naïve children in Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2015 and 2016 amongst 55 proxy consented HIV-1 positive children, aged 9 months to 6 years. They were all immune competent, cART naïve and with unknown history of PMTCT. CD4 cell counts and genotypic drug resistance testing were performed using standard methods. Results: Levels of DRMs to protease (PR) inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-NRTIs were 27.6%, 3.7% and 40.7%, respectively. Only minor DRMs were observed for PR. The observed mutations for NRTI were K65R, T215I and K219E (33.0% each) and for NNRTI: V106M, Y181C and Y188H (6.0% each). Only minor accessory mutations were found in the integrase (IN) region. Conclusion: Despite widely available cART we still observe naïve HIV children, especially from the rural communities. We observe that a proportion of study participants had HIV-1 drug resistance associated mutations (RAMs). Data generated could help strengthen the current PMTCT programmes within the country. There is a need to upscale approaches for drug resistance testing for children in Cameroon and many other resource-limited settings.
Keywords: HIV; resistance; prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT); infants; Cameroon; treatment-naïve; immune competent HIV; resistance; prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT); infants; Cameroon; treatment-naïve; immune competent

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ikomey, G.M.; Assoumou, M.C.O.; Gichana, J.O.; Njenda, D.; Mikasi, S.G.; Mesembe, M.; Lyonga, E.; Jacobs, G.B. Observed HIV Drug Resistance Associated Mutations Amongst Naïve Immunocompetent Children in Yaoundé, Cameroon. GERMS 2017, 7, 178-185. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2017.1124

AMA Style

Ikomey GM, Assoumou MCO, Gichana JO, Njenda D, Mikasi SG, Mesembe M, Lyonga E, Jacobs GB. Observed HIV Drug Resistance Associated Mutations Amongst Naïve Immunocompetent Children in Yaoundé, Cameroon. GERMS. 2017; 7(4):178-185. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2017.1124

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ikomey, George Mondinde, Marie Claire Okomo Assoumou, Josiah Otwoma Gichana, Duncan Njenda, Sello Given Mikasi, Martha Mesembe, Emilia Lyonga, and Graeme Brendon Jacobs. 2017. "Observed HIV Drug Resistance Associated Mutations Amongst Naïve Immunocompetent Children in Yaoundé, Cameroon" GERMS 7, no. 4: 178-185. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2017.1124

APA Style

Ikomey, G. M., Assoumou, M. C. O., Gichana, J. O., Njenda, D., Mikasi, S. G., Mesembe, M., Lyonga, E., & Jacobs, G. B. (2017). Observed HIV Drug Resistance Associated Mutations Amongst Naïve Immunocompetent Children in Yaoundé, Cameroon. GERMS, 7(4), 178-185. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2017.1124

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