Numerical Study on Flow and Release Characteristics of Gas Extinguishing Agent under Different Filling Pressure and Amount Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical and Experiment Setup
2.1. Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions
2.2. Phase Transition Model
2.3. Numerical Methodology
2.4. Verification of Simulation Model
2.5. Design of Simulation Conditions
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Release Process Analysis
3.2. Effects of Filling Pressure on the Flow Characteristics
3.2.1. Effects of Filling Pressure on the Release Time
3.2.2. Effects of Filling Pressure on the Mass Flow Rate
3.2.3. Effects of Filling Pressure on the Gasification Percentage
3.3. Effects of Filling Amount on the Flow Characteristics
3.3.1. Effects of Filling Amount on the Release Time
3.3.2. Effects of Filling Amount on the Mass Flow Rate
3.3.3. Effects of Filling Amount on the Gasification Percentage
4. Conclusions
- The release process of Halon 1301 along the pipeline can be divided into three phases: rapid filling of the pipeline, concentrated release of liquid-based extinguishing agent, and gas release along the pipeline, and there is obvious gasification phase transition in the first two phases.
- With the increase of the filling pressure, the gasification ratio of the extinguishing agent decreases, and the release duration of the liquid extinguishing agent and the total release time of the extinguishing agent are shortened. On the contrary, the average mass flow rate of the extinguishing agent increases monotonously.
- Under the same filling pressure, the gasification ratio of the extinguishing agent, the release duration of the liquid extinguishing agent and the total release time of the extinguishing agent increase with the increase of the filling amount of the extinguishing agent, while the average mass flow rate of the extinguishing agent decreases with the increase of the filling amount of the extinguishing agent.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
pressure, MPa | |
filling pressure of the extinguishing bottle (MPa) | |
percentage of the release time of the liquid extinguishing agent to the total release time of the extinguishing agent (%) | |
mass percentage of vaporized extinguishing agent during the pipe flow (%) | |
temperature (K) | |
saturation temperature (K) | |
average mass velocity (m/s) | |
drift velocity for secondary phase (m/s) | |
force vector (N) | |
gravitational acceleration (m/s2) | |
internal energy (J) | |
effective thermal conductivity (W/(m∙K)) | |
time relaxation factors to adjust the rate of phase transition (dimensionless) | |
release time of the liquid extinguishing agent (s) | |
total release time of the extinguishing agent (s) | |
average mass flow rate of the liquid extinguishing agent in Phase II (kg/s) | |
total mass flow rate of the extinguishing agent in Phase II (kg/s) | |
initial filling amount of the extinguishing agent (kg/s) | |
Greek Letters | |
mixed density (kg/m3) | |
density of phase (kg/m3) | |
mixed viscosity (Pa∙s) | |
viscosity of phase (Pa∙s) | |
vortex viscosity of mixed turbulence (Pa∙s) | |
volume fraction of phase (dimensionless) | |
Subscripts | |
Mixture | |
phase number | |
Drift | |
number of components | |
Liquid | |
Vapor | |
Saturation |
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Filling Pressure /MPa | Filling Temperature /K | Filling Amount /kg | Gas Volume Fraction/%vol | Liquid Volume Fraction/%vol | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1301 | N2 | 1301 | N2 | |||
2.832 | 294.25 | 1.195 | 62.52 | 37.48 | 97.92 | 2.08 |
4.832 | 294.25 | 1.195 | 47.21 | 52.79 | 94.90 | 5.10 |
6.832 | 294.25 | 1.195 | 40.66 | 59.34 | 91.66 | 8.34 |
Filling Pressure /MPa | Filling Temperature /K | Filling Amount /kg | Volume Ratio of Gas/%vol | Gas Volume Fraction/%vol | Liquid Volume Fraction/%vol | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1301 | N2 | 1301 | N2 | ||||
4.832 | 294.25 | 1.0 | 54.93 | 47.21 | 52.79 | 94.9 | 5.1 |
4.832 | 294.25 | 1.195 | 46.15 | 47.21 | 52.79 | 94.9 | 5.1 |
4.832 | 294.25 | 1.4 | 36.91 | 47.21 | 52.79 | 94.9 | 5.1 |
4.832 | 294.25 | 1.6 | 27.90 | 47.21 | 52.79 | 94.9 | 5.1 |
4.832 | 294.25 | 1.8 | 18.88 | 47.21 | 52.79 | 94.9 | 5.1 |
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Li, Q.; Ge, H.; Pan, R.; Zhang, Z.; Chen, R. Numerical Study on Flow and Release Characteristics of Gas Extinguishing Agent under Different Filling Pressure and Amount Conditions. Processes 2021, 9, 1683. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091683
Li Q, Ge H, Pan R, Zhang Z, Chen R. Numerical Study on Flow and Release Characteristics of Gas Extinguishing Agent under Different Filling Pressure and Amount Conditions. Processes. 2021; 9(9):1683. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091683
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Quanwei, Hui Ge, Renming Pan, Zhaojun Zhang, and Ruiyu Chen. 2021. "Numerical Study on Flow and Release Characteristics of Gas Extinguishing Agent under Different Filling Pressure and Amount Conditions" Processes 9, no. 9: 1683. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091683