A Multiwell Disc Appliance Used to Deliver Quantifiable Accelerations and Shear Stresses at Sonic Frequencies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Maximizing Vibration Regimens
2.2. Using SPH to Model Shear Stresses
2.3. Recoil Material Evaluation
2.4. Shear Stress Modeling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Viscoelastic Properties of Recoil Materials
Double-sided foam tape | Dimethyl silicon | Removable mounting squares | Hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elastic modulus | ||||
Freq range of data used in extrapolation (Hz) | 0.1–100 | 10–100 | 0.1–100 | 0.1–100 |
Line fit function | y = aln(x) + b | y = aebx | y = axb | y = ax + b |
a (Pa) | 34,669 | 279,045 | 30,709 | 6877 |
b (Pa) | 225,278 | 0.0016 | 0.078 | 0.1689 |
R2 | 0.9961 | 0.7644 | 0.9818 | 0.9952 |
Viscous modulus | ||||
Freq range of data used in extrapolation (Hz) | 0.1–100 | 32–100 | 0.1–100 | 0.1–100 |
Line fit function | y = aln(x) + b | y = ax + b | y = axb | y = ax + b |
a (Pa) | 4079.9 | −11.813 | 4187.9 | 112.83 |
b (Pa) | 54098 | 41086 | 0.1237 | 1899.6 |
R2 | 0.7611 | 0.0105 | 0.9607 | 0.9631 |
3.2. TRB-Multiwell Disc Accelerations
3.3. Stokes Second Equation Comparisons
Acceleration (m/s2) | 0.4 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 200 | 300 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (Hz) | Approximate Elastic Modulus of Recoil Materials (kPa) | ||||||||||||
2 | 30 | ||||||||||||
4 | 30 | ||||||||||||
6 | 30 | ||||||||||||
8 | 10–300 | 10–35 | 30 | ||||||||||
10 | 10–300 | 40 | |||||||||||
20 | 11–300 | 40 | |||||||||||
50 | 10–400 | 10–40 | 40 | ||||||||||
80 | 10–400 | 10–50 | 50 | ||||||||||
100 | 20–400 | 20–50 | |||||||||||
130 | 20–400 | 400 | |||||||||||
150 | 20–400 | 400 | |||||||||||
180 | 20–400 | 400 | |||||||||||
200 | 20–400 | 50–400 | 400 | ||||||||||
220 | 20–400 | 50–400 | 400 | ||||||||||
250 | 20–400 | 50–400 |
Acceleration (m/s2) | 0.4 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 200 | 300 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (Hz) | Approximate Viscous Modulus of Recoil Materials (kPa) | ||||||||||||
2 | 4 | ||||||||||||
4 | 5 | ||||||||||||
6 | 5 | ||||||||||||
8 | 3−70 | 3−5 | 5 | ||||||||||
10 | 4−60 | 5 | |||||||||||
20 | 5−60 | 6 | |||||||||||
50 | 7−70 | 7−8 | 7 | ||||||||||
80 | 8−70 | 8−10 | 8 | ||||||||||
100 | 8−70 | 8−10 | |||||||||||
130 | 8−70 | 70 | |||||||||||
150 | 8−70 | 40−70 | |||||||||||
180 | 8−70 | 40−70 | |||||||||||
200 | 8−80 | 80 | |||||||||||
220 | 8−80 | 80 | |||||||||||
250 | 8−80 | 80 |
Frequency and amplitude conditions | 2D SPH | 3D SPH | Stokes 2nd problem |
---|---|---|---|
Shear stress (Pa) | |||
126 Hz; 0.46 mm | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
126 Hz; 0.069 mm | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.5 |
220 Hz; 0.063 mm | 0.07 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
220 Hz; 0.0094 mm | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.08 |
3.4. Simulation of Shear Stress
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix
1. Supplemental Experimental Section: Fibroblast Adhesion
1.1. Cell Culture and Adhesion Assay
1.2. Vibration Regimens
1.3. Adhesion Ratio Calculation
2. Supplementary Results
2.1. Adhesion Sensitivity to Vibration
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Klemuk, S.A.; Vigmostad, S.; Endapally, K.; Wagner, A.P.; Titze, I.R. A Multiwell Disc Appliance Used to Deliver Quantifiable Accelerations and Shear Stresses at Sonic Frequencies. Processes 2014, 2, 71-88. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr2010071
Klemuk SA, Vigmostad S, Endapally K, Wagner AP, Titze IR. A Multiwell Disc Appliance Used to Deliver Quantifiable Accelerations and Shear Stresses at Sonic Frequencies. Processes. 2014; 2(1):71-88. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr2010071
Chicago/Turabian StyleKlemuk, Sarah A., Sarah Vigmostad, Kalyan Endapally, Andrew P. Wagner, and Ingo R. Titze. 2014. "A Multiwell Disc Appliance Used to Deliver Quantifiable Accelerations and Shear Stresses at Sonic Frequencies" Processes 2, no. 1: 71-88. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr2010071