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Volume 13
Issue 11
10.3390/pr13113750
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Numerical Simulation of Aortic Valve Leaflets Calcification Influence on Hemodynamic Performance Using Fluid–Structure Interaction Approach

by
Polina Fedotova
1,
Nikita Pil
1,2,3,
Alex G. Kuchumov
1,2,3,*,
Ekaterina Barbashina
1,3,
Vladimir Tsilibin
1,
Fulufhelo Nemavhola
4,
Thanyani Pandelani
5,
Bakytbek Kadyraliev
6 and
Truong Sang Ha
7
1
Biofluids Laboratory, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm 614990, Russia
2
Department of Computational Mathematics, Mechanics and Biomechanics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm 614990, Russia
3
Research Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius 354340, Russia
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
5
Department of Mechanical, Bioresources and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida 1709, South Africa
6
S.G. Sukhanov Federal Cardiovascular Center, Perm 614990, Russia
7
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi 10065, Vietnam
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2025, 13(11), 3750; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113750
Submission received: 27 September 2025 / Revised: 7 November 2025 / Accepted: 11 November 2025 / Published: 20 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication, Modeling, and Control in Biomedical Systems)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Aortic valve calcification is the process of calcium buildup on the leaflets of the aortic valve, preceding functional insufficiency. Calcification underlies the development of aortic stenosis by stiffening the valve leaflets, leading to restricted aortic valve opening during systole and obstructed blood flow. However, a more comprehensive understanding of the hemodynamic effects of altered valve properties is required. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the biomechanical properties of aortic valve leaflets susceptible to calcification. To examine fluid flow in an aorta segment with leaflets of different stiffness, a two-way fluid–structure interaction model was developed. The leaflet’s behavior was modeled using two constitutive laws—linear-elastic and isotropic hyperelastic—followed by numerical testing and comparative analysis. Using the material parameter values c01 and c10 within the ranges of 22–60 and 22–60 kPa, respectively, the hyperelastic model was examined. The valve leaflets’ Young’s modulus ranged from 1 to 22 MPa, while their Poisson’s ratio ranged from 0.35 to 0.45. A high correlation between Poisson’s ratio and wall shear stress was found. With an elastic modulus of 22 MPa and the highest Poisson’s ratio of 0.45, the maximum wall shear stress was 81.78 Pa during peak flow velocity and complete valve opening, while the lowest wall shear stress was 0.38 Pa. We can infer from the study’s results that, when considering the isotropic structure and nonlinear characteristics of valve leaflets, the Delfino hyperelastic model more accurately depicts their complex behavior.
Keywords: aortic valve; hemodynamics; fluid–structure interactions; linear-elastic model; numerical simulation aortic valve; hemodynamics; fluid–structure interactions; linear-elastic model; numerical simulation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fedotova, P.; Pil, N.; Kuchumov, A.G.; Barbashina, E.; Tsilibin, V.; Nemavhola, F.; Pandelani, T.; Kadyraliev, B.; Ha, T.S. Numerical Simulation of Aortic Valve Leaflets Calcification Influence on Hemodynamic Performance Using Fluid–Structure Interaction Approach. Processes 2025, 13, 3750. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113750

AMA Style

Fedotova P, Pil N, Kuchumov AG, Barbashina E, Tsilibin V, Nemavhola F, Pandelani T, Kadyraliev B, Ha TS. Numerical Simulation of Aortic Valve Leaflets Calcification Influence on Hemodynamic Performance Using Fluid–Structure Interaction Approach. Processes. 2025; 13(11):3750. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113750

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fedotova, Polina, Nikita Pil, Alex G. Kuchumov, Ekaterina Barbashina, Vladimir Tsilibin, Fulufhelo Nemavhola, Thanyani Pandelani, Bakytbek Kadyraliev, and Truong Sang Ha. 2025. "Numerical Simulation of Aortic Valve Leaflets Calcification Influence on Hemodynamic Performance Using Fluid–Structure Interaction Approach" Processes 13, no. 11: 3750. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113750

APA Style

Fedotova, P., Pil, N., Kuchumov, A. G., Barbashina, E., Tsilibin, V., Nemavhola, F., Pandelani, T., Kadyraliev, B., & Ha, T. S. (2025). Numerical Simulation of Aortic Valve Leaflets Calcification Influence on Hemodynamic Performance Using Fluid–Structure Interaction Approach. Processes, 13(11), 3750. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113750

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