Effects of Alkaline-Reduced Water on Gastrointestinal Diseases

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

Overall, and excellent review on question with clinical importance is submitted. Figures are suitable and in good quality. English is acceptable. References are recent and informative. Accepted in present form.

Author Response

Reviewer 1

Comment: Overall, and excellent review on question with clinical importance is submitted. Figures are suitable and in good quality. English is acceptable. References are recent and informative. Accepted in present form.

Reviewed and Corrected:

The authors are really thankful to the reviewer for his appreciation and careful review of our manuscript.

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

1. Line 63-64 and 200-201: Is it correct? ARW has been widely studied in several countries like Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan.
2. Line 103: To change Nicotinamide to nicotinamide.....change font.
3. Line 120: via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)

Author Response

Reviewer 2

Comment 1: Line 63-64 and 200-201: Is it correct? ARW has been widely studied in several countries like Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan.

 

Reviewed and Corrected:

The authors really appreciate the reviewer for carefully checking and reviewing our manuscript. The statement regarding the popularity of ARW in countries like Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan is correct. Numerous studies related to ARW and its efficacies have been conducted in countries like Japan, Korea, China, and Taiwan. Here are some of the references studies which are conducted in above mentioned countries are as follows:

ARW Studies conducted in Japan

1. Tanaka, Y., Saihara, Y., Izumotani, K., & Nakamura, H. (2018). Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health, including gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical gas research, 8(4), 160.
2. Higashimura, Y., Baba, Y., Inoue, R., Takagi, T., Uchiyama, K., Mizushima, Naito, Y. (2018). Effects of molecular hydrogen-dissolved alkaline electrolyzed water on intestinal environment in mice. Medical gas research, 8(1), 6.
3. Shirahata, S., Hamasaki, T., & Teruya, K. (2012). Advanced research on the health benefit of reduced water. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 23(2), 124-131.
4. Tashiro, H., Kitahora, T., Fujiyama, Y., & Banba, T. (2000). Clinical evaluation of alkali-ionized water for chronic diarrhea e placebocontrolled double-blind study. Digestion & Absorption, 23, 52-56.
5. Shirahata, S., Kabayama, S., Nakano, M., Miura, T., Kusumoto, K., Gotoh, M., Katakura, Y. (1997). Electrolyzed–reduced water scavenges active oxygen species and protects DNA from oxidative damage. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 234(1), 269-274.
6. Watanabe, T., Kishikawa, Y., & Shirai, W. (1997). Influence of alkaline ionized water on rat erythrocyte hexokinase activity and myocardium. The Journal of toxicological sciences, 22(2), 141-152.
7. Kashiwagi, T., Yan, H., Hamasaki, T., Kinjo, T., Nakamichi, N., Teruya, Shirahata, S. (2014). Electrochemically reduced water protects neural cells from oxidative damage. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2014.

ARW Studies conducted in Korea

1. Yang, E. J., Kim, J. R., Ryang, Y. S., Kim, D. H., Deung, Y. K., Park, S. K., & Lee, K. J. (2007). A Clinical Trial of Orally Administered Alkaline Reduced Water. Biomedical Science Letters, 13(2), 83-89.
2. Ignacio, R. M. C., Kang, T. Y., Kim, C. S., Kim, S. K., Yang, Y. C., Sohn, J. H., & Lee, K. J. (2013). Anti-obesity effect of alkaline reduced water in high fat-fed obese mice. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 36(7), 1052-1059.
3. Choi, Y. A., Lee, D. H., Cho, D. Y., & Lee, Y. J. (2020). Outcomes Assessment of Sustainable and Innovatively Simple Lifestyle Modification at the Workplace-Drinking Electrolyzed-Reduced Water (OASIS-ERW): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Antioxidants, 9(7), 564.
4. Shin, D. W., Yoon, H., Kim, H. S., Choi, Y. J., Shin, C. M., Park, Lee, D. H. (2018). Effects of alkaline-reduced drinking water on irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018.
5. Yoon, K. S., Huang, X. Z., Yoon, Y. S., Kim, S. K., Song, S. B., Chang, B. S., ... & Lee, K. J. (2011). Histological study on the effect of electrolyzed reduced water-bathing on UVB radiation-induced skin injury in hairless mice. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 34(11), 1671-1677.
6. Kim, M. J., & Kim, H. K. (2006). Anti-diabetic effects of electrolyzed reduced water in streptozotocin-induced and genetic diabetic mice. Life sciences, 79(24), 2288-2292.

ARW Studies conducted in Taiwan

1. Rias, Y. A., Kurniawan, A. L., Chang, C. W., Gordon, C. J., & Tsai, H. T. (2020). Synergistic effects of regular walking and alkaline electrolyzed water on decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress, and increasing quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A community based randomized controlled trial. Antioxidants, 9(10), 946.
2. Chao, Y., & Chiang, M. (2009). Effect of alkaline reduced water on erythrocyte oxidative status and plasma lipids of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Taiwanese Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, 47(2), 71-77.
3. Cheng, T. C., Hsu, Y. W., Lu, F. J., Chen, Y. Y., Tsai, N. M., Chen, W. K., & Tsai, C. F. (2018). Nephroprotective effect of electrolyzed reduced water against cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity and oxidative damage in mice. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 81(2), 119-126.
4. Tsai, C. F., Hsu, Y. W., Chen, W. K., Chang, W. H., Yen, C. C., Ho, Y. C., & Lu, F. J. (2009). Hepatoprotective effect of electrolyzed reduced water against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(8), 2031-2036.

ARW Studies conducted in China

1. Li, Z. H., Zhou, B., Li, X. T., & Li, S. G. (2019). Effect of alkaline electrolyzed water on physicochemical and structural properties of apricot protein isolate. Food science and biotechnology, 28(1), 15-23.
2. Xue, J., Shang, G., Tanaka, Y., Saihara, Y., Hou, L., Velasquez, Lu, Y. (2014). Dose-dependent inhibition of gastric injury by hydrogen in alkaline electrolyzed drinking water. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 14(1), 1-9.
3. Xiao, H. W., Li, Y., Luo, D., Dong, J. L., Zhou, L. X., Zhao, S. Y., Fan, S. J. (2018). Hydrogen-water ameliorates radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity via MyD88’s effects on the gut microbiota. Experimental & molecular medicine, 50(1), e433-e433.
4. Zheng, W., Ji, X., Zhang, Q., & Yao, W. (2018). Intestinal microbiota ecological response to oral administrations of hydrogen-rich water and lactulose in female piglets fed a Fusarium toxin-contaminated diet. Toxins, 10(6), 246.

 

Comment 2: To change Nicotinamide to nicotinamide.....change font.

Reviewed and Corrected:

The authors really appreciate the reviewer for carefully checking and reviewing our manuscript. As per your comments, we revised font error in Line no 103 and changed Nicotinamide to nicotinamide in our newly revised manuscript.

2. Oxidative Stress as a Contributing Factor to GI Diseases

Basically, there are two main enzymatic reactions that generate ROS in the GI tract: i) hypoxanthine (HX)/xanthine oxidase (XO) system; and ii) the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system [22].

Comment 3: Line 120: via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).

Reviewed and Corrected:

The authors really appreciate the reviewer for carefully checking and reviewing our manuscript. As per your comments, we inserted missing B in nuclear factor kappa B in newly revised manuscript as shown in Line no- 120.

2. Oxidative Stress as a Contributing Factor to GI Diseases

In addition, ROS production was shown to increase the inflammatory response via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and increases the level of transglutaminase in the intestinal epithelial cells in celiac disease [30].

 

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf