Impaired Glucose-Insulin Metabolism in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to SARS-CoV-2 in Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Measurements and Statistical Analysis
- Homeostasis model analysis—insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, defined as ([fasting plasma insulin (mU/L) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)]/405) [21]; the cutoff point for pathological IR was set at the 97.5th percentile of the HOMA-IR distribution in a representative group of Italian healthy children and adolescents grouped by sex and pubertal stage [22].
- Average glucose;
- Glucose standard deviation (SD);
- Time below range (TBR), i.e., the percentage of glucose readings under 70 mg/dL, which can be further divided into time slightly below range in the 54–69 mg/dL range, and time severely below range under 54 mg/dL;
- Time in range (TIR), i.e., the percentage of glucose readings in the 70–180 mg/dL range, which can be further divided into time in the 70–140 mg/dL target range (TIT), and time in the 141–180 mg/dL range;
- Time above range (TAR), i.e., the percentage of glucose readings over 180 mg/dL, which can be further divided into Time slightly above range in the 181–250 mg/dL range, and time severely above range over 250 mg/dL.
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Summary Statistics |
---|---|
Sex | Female: 7 (23.33%) Male: 23 (76.67%) |
Age (years) | 10.68 ± 7.25 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 17.70 ± 3.99 |
BMI z-score | 0.03 ± 1.49 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.20 ± 0.20 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 33.00 ± 2.25 |
FPG (mg/dL) | 111.00 ± 31.00 |
FPI (µU/mL) | 21.95 ± 11.50 |
TG (mg/dL) | 190.00 ± 177.25 |
HOMA-IR index | 5.15 ± 5.69 |
TyG index | 9.20 ± 0.73 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 118.00 ± 72.00 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 17.00 ± 21.00 |
TSH (mIU/L) | 2.16 ± 1.81 |
GGT (IU/L) | 26.50 ± 38.75 |
ALT (IU/L) | 31.00 ± 45.50 |
Creatine kinase (IU/L) | 68.00 ± 102.00 |
Albumin (g/L) | 25.50 ± 7.50 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 132.00 ± 5.00 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 3.50 ± 0.90 |
Ferritin (µg/L) | 745.00 ± 1259.25 |
IL-6 (ng/L) | 83.00 ± 208.50 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 236.50 ± 176.00 |
Procalcitonin (µg/L) | 6.2 ± 11.20 |
NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 7554.00 ± 11,143.00 |
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Calcaterra, V.; Bosoni, P.; Dilillo, D.; Mannarino, S.; Fiori, L.; Fabiano, V.; Carlucci, P.; Di Profio, E.; Verduci, E.; Mameli, C.; et al. Impaired Glucose-Insulin Metabolism in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to SARS-CoV-2 in Children. Children 2021, 8, 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8050384
Calcaterra V, Bosoni P, Dilillo D, Mannarino S, Fiori L, Fabiano V, Carlucci P, Di Profio E, Verduci E, Mameli C, et al. Impaired Glucose-Insulin Metabolism in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to SARS-CoV-2 in Children. Children. 2021; 8(5):384. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8050384
Chicago/Turabian StyleCalcaterra, Valeria, Pietro Bosoni, Dario Dilillo, Savina Mannarino, Laura Fiori, Valentina Fabiano, Patrizia Carlucci, Elisabetta Di Profio, Elvira Verduci, Chiara Mameli, and et al. 2021. "Impaired Glucose-Insulin Metabolism in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to SARS-CoV-2 in Children" Children 8, no. 5: 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8050384