Motivation, Self-Concept and Discipline in Young Adolescents Who Practice Rhythmic Gymnastics. An Intervention
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample and Study Design
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phases 1 | Phases 2 | Phases 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre Test | Development of the Intervention | Post Test | |||
Experimental Group | Questionnaires + Physical tests | Discipline Motivation Physical self-concept | Questionnaires + Physical tests | ||
Control Group | Questionnaires + Physical tests | Habitual Training | Habitual Training | Habitual Training | Questionnaires + Physical tests |
Number of sessions | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
Group | Variable | Test | M | SD | T | Sig. | 95% CI | ES (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | SRT | Pre-test | 19.05 | 3.09 | 2.265 | 0.027 | [−0.512; 0.644] | 0.06 |
Post-test | 19.25 | 2.95 | ||||||
DTFT | Pre-test | 21.15 | 2.72 | 2.652 | 0.010 | [−0.443; 0.714] | 0.13 | |
Post-test | 21.50 | 2.45 | ||||||
Experimental | SRT | Pre-test | 18.59 | 3.22 | 10.393 | 0.000 | [0.008; 1.037] | 0.52 |
Post-test | 20.27 | 3.21 | ||||||
DTFT | Pre-test | 28.72 | 3.31 | 13.743 | 0.000 | [0.104; 1.140] | 0.62 | |
Post-test | 30.77 | 3.28 |
Group | Variable | Test | M | SD | T | Sig. | 95% IC | ES (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | GPSC | Pre-test | 2.81 | 0.22 | −4.009 | 0.000 | [−0.938; −0.227] | −0.35 |
Post-test | 2.73 | 0.23 | ||||||
PC | Pre-test | 2.84 | 0.26 | −2.427 | 0.018 | [−0.855; −0.306] | −0.27 | |
Post-test | 2.77 | 0.25 | ||||||
PA | Pre-test | 2.66 | 0.66 | −2.458 | 0.017 | [−0.730; 0.427] | −0.15 | |
Post-test | 2.57 | 0.52 | ||||||
PS | Pre-test | 2.50 | 0.45 | −8.079 | 0.000 | [−1.576; −0.354] | −0.96 | |
Post-test | 2.08 | 0.42 | ||||||
SC | Pre-test | 3.70 | 0.46 | −3.150 | 0.003 | [−0.901; 0.263] | −0.32 | |
Post-test | 3.55 | 0.48 | ||||||
Experimental | GPSC | Pre-test | 2.81 | 0.20 | 5.767 | 0.000 | [0.359; 1.420] | 0.88 |
Post-test | 2.96 | 0.13 | ||||||
PC | Pre-test | 2.95 | 0.30 | 13.789 | 0.000 | [0.911; 2.053] | 1.48 | |
Post-test | 3.38 | 0.28 | ||||||
PA | Pre-test | 2.69 | 0.40 | −8.365 | 0.000 | [−1.452; −0.388] | −0.92 | |
Post-test | 2.34 | 0.36 | ||||||
PS | Pre-test | 2.54 | 0.37 | −1.480 | 0.146 | [−0.680; 0.334] | −0.17 | |
Post-test | 2.48 | 0.32 | ||||||
SC | Pre-test | 3.21 | 0.34 | 2.140 | 0.038 | [−0.088; 0.936] | 0.42 | |
Post-test | 3.35 | 0.32 |
Group | Variable | Test | M | SD | T | Sig. | 95% IC | ES (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Task | Pre-test | 4.00 | 0.28 | −2.543 | 0.014 | [−0.856; −0.305] | −0.27 |
Post-test | 3.92 | 0.30 | ||||||
Ego | Pre-test | 4.54 | 0.19 | 1.362 | 0.178 | [−0.390; 0.769] | 0.19 | |
Post-test | 4.58 | 0.23 | ||||||
Experimental | Task | Pre-test | 3.90 | 0.15 | 10.425 | 0.000 | [0.946; 2.095] | 1.52 |
Post-test | 4.28 | 0.32 | ||||||
Ego | Pre-test | 4.65 | 0.16 | 0.551 | 0.584 | [−0.389; 0.624] | 0.11 | |
Post-test | 4.90 | 3.00 |
Group | Variable | Test | M | SD | T | Sig. | 95% IC | ES (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | GDR | Pre-test | 3.36 | 0.25 | 2.173 | 0.034 | [−0.207; 0.959] | 0.37 |
Post-test | 3.57 | 0.75 | ||||||
RR | Pre-test | 3.97 | 0.67 | 1.891 | 0.044 | [−1.550; −0.332] | −0.94 | |
Post-test | 3.47 | 0.34 | ||||||
IR | Pre-test | 3.85 | 0.39 | 1.657 | 0.103 | [−0.437; 0.721] | 0.14 | |
Post-test | 3.90 | 0.31 | ||||||
RIR | Pre-test | 3.11 | 0.49 | 3.755 | 0.000 | [−0.272; 0.891] | 0.31 | |
Post-test | 3.26 | 0.48 | ||||||
RC | Pre-test | 2.75 | 0.47 | 0.319 | 0.751 | [−0.558; 0.598] | 0.02 | |
Post-test | 2.76 | 0.53 | ||||||
RD | Pre-test | 2.45 | 0.64 | 1.230 | 0.224 | [−0.532; 0.625] | 0.04 | |
Post-test | 2.48 | 0.65 | ||||||
Experimental | GDR | Pre-test | 3.38 | 0.14 | 16.546 | 0.000 | [2.403; 3.921] | 3.16 |
Post-test | 4.06 | 0.27 | ||||||
RR | Pre-test | 3.43 | 0.25 | 16.665 | 0.000 | [1.891; 3.260] | 2.57 | |
Post-test | 4.32 | 0.42 | ||||||
IR | Pre-test | 3.90 | 0.23 | 13.910 | 0.000 | [1.674; 2.986] | 2.33 | |
Post-test | 4.59 | 0.35 | ||||||
RIR | Pre-test | 2.98 | 0.48 | 8.654 | 0.000 | [1.277; 2.494] | 1.88 | |
Post-test | 3.78 | 0.36 | ||||||
RC | Pre-test | 3.01 | 0.37 | 17.134 | 0.000 | [2.459; 3.994] | 3.22 | |
Post-test | 4.27 | 0.41 | ||||||
RD | Pre-test | 2.83 | 0.58 | −5.877 | 0.000 | [−1.694; −0.602] | −1.14 | |
Post-test | 2.30 | 0.30 |
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González-Valero, G.; Zurita-Ortega, F.; Ubago-Jiménez, J.L.; Puertas-Molero, P. Motivation, Self-Concept and Discipline in Young Adolescents Who Practice Rhythmic Gymnastics. An Intervention. Children 2020, 7, 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7090135
González-Valero G, Zurita-Ortega F, Ubago-Jiménez JL, Puertas-Molero P. Motivation, Self-Concept and Discipline in Young Adolescents Who Practice Rhythmic Gymnastics. An Intervention. Children. 2020; 7(9):135. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7090135
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzález-Valero, Gabriel, Félix Zurita-Ortega, José Luis Ubago-Jiménez, and Pilar Puertas-Molero. 2020. "Motivation, Self-Concept and Discipline in Young Adolescents Who Practice Rhythmic Gymnastics. An Intervention" Children 7, no. 9: 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7090135
APA StyleGonzález-Valero, G., Zurita-Ortega, F., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., & Puertas-Molero, P. (2020). Motivation, Self-Concept and Discipline in Young Adolescents Who Practice Rhythmic Gymnastics. An Intervention. Children, 7(9), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7090135